Categories

Categories

1. ACCOMMODATION AND HOSPITALITY ESTABLISHMENTS

1.1 Alternative Accommodation

1.1.1 Aparthotel

1.1.2 Bed & Breakfast (B&B)

1.1.3 Bungalow

1.1.4 Cabin Accommodation

1.1.5 Camping and Caravanning

1.1.6 Condo Hotel

1.1.7 Farm Stay

1.1.8 Guesthouse

1.1.9 Home Sharing

1.1.10 Homestay

1.1.11 Hostel

1.1.12 Pension

1.1.13 Serviced Apartment

1.1.14 Tiny House Accommodation

1.1.15 Vacation Rental

1.1.15.1 Airbnb

1.2 Health and Wellness Accommodation

1.2.1 Health Retreat

1.2.2 Medical Resort

1.2.3 Medical Spa

1.2.4 Thermal Spa Facility

1.2.5 Wellness Hotel

1.2.6 Wellness Retreat

1.3 Historic and Heritage Accommodation

1.3.1 Caravanserai Hotel

1.3.2 Castle Hotel

1.3.3 Cave Hotel

1.3.4 Converted Historic Building

1.3.5 Heritage Hotel

1.3.6 Historic Inn

1.3.7 Historic Mansion Hotel

1.3.8 Monastery Hotel

1.3.9 Palace Hotel

1.3.10 Railway Hotel

1.4 Holiday and Leisure Accommodation

1.4.1 Holiday Village

1.4.2 Integrated Resort

1.4.3 Resort

1.4.4 Vacation Resort

1.4.5 Waterpark Resort

1.5 Hotels

1.5.1 Emerging and Technology-Based Hotels

1.5.1.1 AI-Enabled Hotel

1.5.1.2 Contactless Hotel

1.5.1.3 Digital Hotel

1.5.1.4 Hybrid Hotel

1.5.1.5 Mixed-Use Hotel

1.5.1.6 Robot Hotel

1.5.1.7 Smart Hotel

1.5.2 Hotel Industry and Classification

1.5.2.1 Hotel

1.5.2.2 Hotel Brand

1.5.2.3 Hotel Chain

1.5.2.4 Hotel Classification

1.5.2.5 Hotel Management Company

1.5.2.6 Hotel Ownership

1.5.2.7 Hotel Rating System

1.5.3 Hotels by Board and Pricing Plan

1.5.3.1 All-Inclusive Hotel

1.5.3.2 Bed and Breakfast Hotel

1.5.3.3 Full-Board Hotel

1.5.3.4 Half-Board Hotel

1.5.3.5 Room-Only Hotel

1.5.4 Hotels by Location and Setting

1.5.4.1 Airport Hotel

1.5.4.2 Beach Hotel

1.5.4.3 City Hotel

1.5.4.4 Downtown Hotel

1.5.4.5 Highway Hotel

1.5.4.6 Island Hotel

1.5.4.7 Lakeside Hotel

1.5.4.8 Mountain Hotel

1.5.4.9 Rural Hotel

1.5.4.10 Suburban Hotel

1.5.4.11 Urban Hotel

1.5.4.12 Waterfront Hotel

1.5.5 Hotels by Ownership and Management

1.5.5.1 Branded Hotel

1.5.5.2 Chain-Affiliated Hotel

1.5.5.3 Franchise Hotel

1.5.5.4 Independent Hotel

1.5.5.5 Managed Hotel

1.5.5.6 Owner-Operated Hotel

1.5.6 Hotels by Purpose and Function

1.5.6.1 Business Hotel

1.5.6.2 Casino Hotel

1.5.6.3 Conference Hotel

1.5.6.4 Convention Hotel

1.5.6.5 Resort Hotel

1.5.6.6 Sports Hotel

1.5.6.7 Transit Hotel

1.5.6.8 Transit Hotel

1.5.6.9 Waterpark Hotel

1.5.7 Hotels by Service Level

1.5.7.1 Budget Hotel

1.5.7.2 Economy Hotel

1.5.7.3 Luxury Hotel

1.5.7.4 Midscale Hotel

1.5.7.5 Upper-Midscale Hotel

1.5.7.6 Upper-Upscale Hotel

1.5.7.7 Upscale Hotel

1.5.8 Hotels by Service Model

1.5.8.1 All-Suite Hotel

1.5.8.2 Extended-Stay Hotel

1.5.8.3 Full-Service Hotel

1.5.8.4 Limited-Service Hotel

1.5.8.5 Select-Service Hotel

1.5.8.6 Serviced Apartment Hotel

1.5.9 Hotels by Target Market

1.5.9.1 Adults-Only Hotel

1.5.9.2 Child-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.3 Family Hotel

1.5.9.4 LGBTQ+-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.5 Pet-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.6 Senior-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.7 Women-Only Hotel

1.5.10 Hotels by Theme, Design, and Experience

1.5.10.1 Art Hotel

1.5.10.2 Boutique Hotel

1.5.10.3 Design Hotel

1.5.10.4 Ice Hotel

1.5.10.5 Lifestyle Hotel

1.5.10.6 Love Hotel

1.5.10.7 Microhotel

1.5.10.8 Themed Hotel

1.5.10.9 Treehouse Hotel

1.5.10.10 Underwater Hotel

1.5.11 Lodges

1.5.11.1 Eco-Lodge

1.5.11.2 Fishing Lodge

1.5.11.3 Hunting Lodge

1.5.11.4 Mountain Lodge

1.5.11.5 Safari Lodge

1.5.11.6 Ski Lodge

1.5.11.7 Wilderness Lodge

1.5.12 Sustainable Hotels

1.5.12.1 Carbon-Neutral Hotel

1.5.12.2 Eco Hotel

1.5.12.3 Green Hotel

1.5.12.4 Net-Zero Hotel

1.5.12.5 Passive House Hotel

1.5.12.6 Regenerative Hotel

1.5.12.7 Zero-Energy Hotel

1.5.13 Types of Resort Hotels

1.5.13.1 Resort Hotels by Entertainment Focus

1.5.13.2 Resort Hotels by Facilities and Infrastructure

1.5.13.3 Resort Hotels by Health and Wellness Focus

1.5.13.4 Resort Hotels by Natural Setting

1.5.13.5 Resort Hotels by Sport and Recreation

1.5.14 Unconventional Hotels

1.5.14.1 Capsule Hotel

1.5.14.2 Floating Hotel

1.5.14.3 Motel

1.5.14.4 Pod Hotel

1.5.14.5 Pop-up Hotel

1.6 Outdoor and Nature-Based Accommodation

1.6.1 Camping Site

1.6.2 Caravan Park / RV Park

1.6.3 Eco-Camp

1.6.4 Glamping

1.6.5 Tent Camp

1.6.6 Wilderness Camp

1.7 Ownership-Based Accommodation Models

1.7.1 Branded Residence

1.7.2 Condo Hotel

1.7.3 Condo Hotel Ownership

1.7.4 Deeded Timeshare

1.7.5 Destination Club

1.7.6 Exchange Company

1.7.7 Fractional Ownership

1.7.8 Fractional Vacation Ownership

1.7.9 Holiday Club

1.7.10 Private Residence Club

1.7.11 Private Villa

1.7.12 Residence Club

1.7.13 Right-to-Use Timeshare

1.7.14 Serviced Residence

1.7.15 Timeshare

1.7.16 Vacation Club

1.7.17 Vacation Exchange

1.7.18 Vacation Ownership

1.7.19 Vacation Points System

1.8 Second Homes

1.8.1 Beach House

1.8.2 Country House

1.8.3 Holiday Home

1.8.4 Home Exchange

1.8.5 Lake House

1.8.6 Vacation Home

1.8.7 Weekend House

2. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS

2.1 Beverage Raw Materials

2.1.1 Cocoa

2.1.2 Coffee

2.1.3 Herbal Infusions

2.1.4 Tea

2.2 Cereals and Grains

2.2.1 Barley

2.2.2 Corn / Maize

2.2.3 Oats

2.2.4 Rice

2.2.5 Wheat

2.3 Fisheries and Aquatic Products

2.3.1 Aquaculture Products

2.3.2 Freshwater Fish

2.3.3 Seafood

2.3.4 Shellfish

2.4 Forest and Wild Harvest Products

2.4.1 Edible Herbs

2.4.2 Forest Fruits

2.4.3 Wild Edible Plants

2.4.4 Wild Mushrooms

2.5 Fruits and Fruit Products

2.5.1 Citrus Fruits

2.5.2 Dried Fruits

2.5.3 Fresh Fruits

2.5.4 Processed Fruits

2.5.5 Tropical Fruits

2.6 Geographical Indications and Origin-Based Products

2.6.1 Geographical Indication Products

2.6.2 Heritage Crops

2.6.3 Indigenous Agricultural Products

2.6.4 Traditional Food Resources

2.7 Honey and Natural Sweeteners

2.7.1 Bee Products

2.7.2 Honey

2.7.3 Natural Syrups

2.8 Legumes

2.8.1 Beans

2.8.2 Chickpeas

2.8.3 Lentils

2.8.4 Peas

2.9 Oil Crops and Edible Oils

2.9.1 Oilseed Crops

2.9.2 Olive Oil

2.9.3 Seed Oils

2.9.4 Vegetable Oils

2.10 Processed Agricultural Products

2.10.1 Fermented Products

2.10.2 Preserved Produce

2.10.3 Processed Food Ingredients

2.11 Sustainable and Organic Food Resources

2.11.1 Organic Agricultural Products

2.11.2 Regenerative Agricultural Products

2.11.3 Sustainable Food Crops

2.12 Vegetables and Plant Products

2.12.1 Fresh Vegetables

2.12.2 Leafy Greens

2.12.3 Processed Vegetables

2.12.4 Root Vegetables

3. AI AND TOURISM

3.1 AI in Tourism Management, Marketing, and Destinations

3.1.1 AI-Assisted Customer Service

3.1.2 AI in Hospitality

3.1.3 Destination Management

3.1.4 Visitor Flow Management

3.2 AI Technologies and Methods

3.2.1 Artificial Intelligence

3.2.2 Deep Learning,

3.2.3 Generative Artificial Intelligence

3.2.4 Large Language Models

3.2.5 Machine Learning,

3.2.6 Natural Language Processing

3.2.7 Recommender Systems

3.2.8 , Sentiment Analysis

3.3 Robotics, Ethics, and Human–AI Interaction

3.3.1 AI Ethics, Algorithmic Bias

3.3.2 AI Literacy

3.3.3 Data Privacy

3.3.4 Human–Robot Interaction

3.3.5 Service Robots

3.3.6 Social Robots

3.3.7 Trust in Artificial Intelligence

3.4 Tourist Experience and Travel Applications

3.4.1 AI-Assisted Travel Planning

3.4.2 Digital Tourist Guides

3.4.3 Intelligent Travel Assistants

3.4.4 Personalized Travel Recommendations

3.4.5 Route Planning

3.4.6 Travel Chatbots

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND EXCAVATION

4.1 Archaeological Conservation and Heritage Management

4.1.1 Archaeological Heritage Management

4.1.2 Archaeological Site Management

4.1.3 Conservation and Restoration

4.2 Archaeological Documentation and Surveying

4.2.1 3D Documentation

4.2.2 Architectural Survey / Measured Drawing

4.2.3 Digital Mapping

4.2.4 Photogrammetry

4.3 Archaeological Excavation Projects

4.3.1 Historical Archaeological Excavation Projects

4.3.2 International Archaeological Excavations

4.3.3 Long-Term Archaeological Excavations

4.3.4 National Archaeological Excavations

4.3.5 Ongoing Archaeological Excavations

4.4 Archaeometry

4.4.1 Archaeological Dating Methods

4.4.2 Archaeological Materials Analysis

4.4.3 Archaeological Provenance and Sourcing Analysis

4.4.4 Archaeometallurgy

4.4.5 Biomolecular Analysis

4.4.6 Isotope Analysis

4.4.7 Organic Residue Analysis

4.4.8 Quantitative and Computational Methods

4.5 Conservation and Rescue Excavation

4.5.1 Conservation Excavation

4.5.2 Emergency Excavation

4.5.3 Rescue Excavation / Salvage Excavation

4.6 Excavations by Archaeological Context

4.6.1 Necropolis Excavation

4.6.2 Settlement Excavation

4.6.3 Temple / Sanctuary Excavation

4.6.4 Urban Archaeology Excavation

4.7 Excavations by Environment

4.7.1 Cave Excavation

4.7.2 Terrestrial Excavation

4.7.3 Underwater Archaeological Excavation

4.7.4 Wetland Archaeological Excavation

4.8 Remote Sensing and Geophysical Research

4.8.1 Drone-Assisted Survey

4.8.2 Geophysical Survey

4.8.3 LiDAR Research

4.8.4 Remote Sensing

4.9 Systematic Surface Survey

4.9.1 Archaeological Survey

4.9.2 Regional Survey

4.9.3 Systematic Field Survey

4.10 Technical and Development-Led Excavation

4.10.1 Infrastructure Excavation

4.10.2 Sampling Excavation

4.10.3 Trial Trench / Test Excavation

4.10.4 Underwater Archaeology Excavation

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES

5.1 Tourism Activities by Duration

5.1.1 Day Trips

5.1.2 Extended Stays

5.1.3 Long-Stay Tourism

5.1.4 Overnight Travel

5.1.5 Short Stays

5.2 Tourism Activities by Mode of Transport

5.2.1 Air Travel

5.2.2 Caravan Travel

5.2.3 Cruise Travel

5.2.4 Cycling Tourism,

5.2.5 Maritime Travel

5.2.6 Multimodal Travel

5.2.7 Rail Travel

5.2.8 Road Travel

5.3 Tourism Activities by Participation and Organization

5.3.1 Group Travel

5.3.2 Guided Tours

5.3.3 Independent Travel

5.3.4 Organized Travel

5.3.5 Package Tours

5.3.6 Self-Planned Travel

5.4 Tourism Activities by Spatial Scale and Purpose

5.4.1 Business Travel

5.4.2 Cultural Tourism

5.4.3 Domestic Tourism

5.4.4 Health Tourism

5.4.5 International Tourism

5.4.6 Leisure Travel

5.4.7 Regional Tourism

5.4.8 Rural Tourism

5.4.9 Urban Tourism

6. COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES

6.1 Abkhazia

6.2 Afghanistan

6.3 Albania

6.4 Algeria

6.5 Andorra

6.6 Angola

6.7 Antigua and Barbuda

6.8 Argentina

6.9 Armenia

6.10 Australia

6.10.1 Ashmore and Cartier Islands

6.10.2 Christmas Island

6.10.3 Coral Sea Islands

6.10.4 Heard Island and McDonald Islands

6.10.5 Norfolk Island

6.11 Austria

6.12 Azerbaijan

6.12.1 Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

6.13 Bahamas

6.14 Bahrain

6.15 Bangladesh

6.16 Barbados

6.17 Belarus

6.18 Belgium

6.19 Belize

6.20 Benin

6.21 Bhutan

6.22 Bolivia

6.23 Bosnia and Herzegovina

6.23.1 Brčko District

6.24 Botswana

6.25 Brazil

6.26 Brunei Darussalam

6.27 Bulgaria

6.28 Burkina Faso

6.29 Burundi

6.30 Cabo Verde

6.31 Cambodia

6.32 Cameroon

6.33 Canada

6.34 Central African Republic

6.35 Chad

6.36 Chile

6.36.1 Easter Island (Rapa Nui)

6.36.2 Juan Fernández Islands

6.37 China

6.37.1 Hong Kong SAR

6.37.2 Macao SAR

6.37.3 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

6.38 Colombia

6.39 Comoros

6.40 Congo

6.41 Costa Rica

6.42 Côte d’Ivoire

6.43 Croatia

6.44 Cuba

6.45 Czechia

6.46 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

6.47 Democratic Republic of the Congo

6.48 Denmark

6.48.1 Faroe Islands

6.48.2 Greenland

6.49 Djibouti

6.50 Dominica

6.51 Dominican Republic

6.52 Ecuador

6.52.1 Galápagos Islands

6.53 Egypt

6.54 El Salvador

6.55 Eritrea

6.56 Estonia

6.57 Eswatini

6.58 Ethiopia

6.59 Fiji

6.60 Finland

6.60.1 Åland Islands

6.61 France

6.61.1 Clipperton Island

6.61.2 French Guiana

6.61.3 French Polynesia

6.61.4 French Southern and Antarctic Lands

6.61.5 Guadeloupe

6.61.6 Martinique

6.61.7 Mayotte

6.61.8 New Caledonia

6.61.9 Réunion

6.61.10 Saint Barthélemy

6.61.11 Saint Martin

6.61.12 Saint Pierre and Miquelon

6.61.13 Wallis and Futuna

6.62 Gabon

6.63 Gambia

6.64 Georgia

6.65 Germany

6.66 Ghana

6.67 Greece

6.67.1 Mount Athos

6.68 Grenada

6.69 Guatemala

6.70 Guinea

6.71 Guinea-Bissau

6.72 Guyana

6.73 Haiti

6.74 Holy See

6.75 Honduras

6.76 Hungary

6.77 Iceland

6.78 India

6.79 Indonesia

6.80 Iran

6.81 Iraq

6.81.1 Kurdistan Region

6.82 Ireland

6.83 Israel

6.84 Italy

6.85 Jamaica

6.86 Japan

6.87 Jordan

6.88 Kazakhstan

6.89 Kenya

6.90 Kiribati

6.91 Kosovo

6.92 Kuwait

6.93 Kyrgyzstan

6.94 Lao People’s Democratic Republic

6.95 Latvia

6.96 Lebanon

6.97 Lesotho

6.98 Liberia

6.99 Libya

6.100 Liechtenstein

6.101 Lithuania

6.102 Luxembourg

6.103 Madagascar

6.104 Malawi

6.105 Malaysia

6.106 Maldives

6.107 Mali

6.108 Malta

6.109 Marshall Islands

6.110 Mauritania

6.111 Mauritius

6.112 Mexico

6.113 Micronesia

6.114 Monaco

6.115 Mongolia

6.116 Montenegro

6.117 Morocco

6.118 Mozambique

6.119 Myanmar

6.120 Namibia

6.121 Nauru

6.122 Nepal

6.123 Netherlands

6.123.1 Aruba

6.123.2 Bonaire

6.123.3 Curaçao

6.123.4 Saba

6.123.5 Sint Eustatius

6.123.6 Sint Maarten

6.124 New Zealand

6.124.1 Cook Islands

6.124.2 Niue

6.124.3 Ross Dependency

6.124.4 Tokelau

6.125 Nicaragua

6.126 Niger

6.127 Nigeria

6.128 North Macedonia

6.129 Norway

6.129.1 Bouvet Island

6.129.2 Jan Mayen

6.129.3 Peter I Island

6.129.4 Queen Maud Land

6.129.5 Svalbard

6.130 Oman

6.131 Pakistan

6.132 Palau

6.133 Palestine (State of Palestine)

6.134 Panama

6.135 Papua New Guinea

6.136 Paraguay

6.137 Peru

6.138 Philippines

6.139 Poland

6.140 Portugal

6.140.1 Azores

6.140.2 Madeira

6.141 Qatar

6.142 Republic of Cyprus

6.143 Republic of Korea

6.144 Republic of Moldova

6.144.1 Gagauzia

6.145 Romania

6.146 Russian Federation

6.146.1 Kaliningrad Oblast

6.146.2 Republic of Crimea

6.147 Rwanda

6.148 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)

6.149 Saint Kitts and Nevis

6.150 Saint Lucia

6.151 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

6.152 Samoa

6.153 San Marino

6.154 São Tomé and Príncipe

6.155 Saudi Arabia

6.156 Senegal

6.157 Serbia

6.157.1 Vojvodina

6.158 Seychelles

6.159 Sierra Leone

6.160 Singapore

6.161 Slovakia

6.162 Slovenia

6.163 Solomon Islands

6.164 Somalia

6.165 Somaliland

6.166 South Africa

6.167 South Ossetia

6.168 South Sudan

6.169 Spain

6.169.1 Canary Islands

6.169.2 Ceuta

6.169.3 Melilla

6.169.4 Plazas de Soberanía

6.170 Sri Lanka

6.171 Sudan

6.172 Suriname

6.173 Sweden

6.174 Switzerland

6.175 Syrian Arab Republic

6.176 Taiwan

6.177 Tajikistan

6.178 Thailand

6.179 Timor-Leste

6.180 Togo

6.181 Tonga

6.182 Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)

6.183 Trinidad and Tobago

6.184 Tunisia

6.185 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

6.186 Türkiye

6.187 Turkmenistan

6.188 Tuvalu

6.189 Uganda

6.190 Ukraine

6.191 United Arab Emirates

6.192 United Kingdom

6.192.1 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas)

6.192.2 Anguilla

6.192.3 Bailiwick of Guernsey

6.192.4 Bailiwick of Jersey

6.192.5 Bermuda

6.192.6 British Virgin Islands

6.192.7 Cayman Islands

6.192.8 Isle of Man

6.192.9 Turks and Caicos Islands

6.193 United Republic of Tanzania

6.193.1 Zanzibar

6.194 United States of America

6.194.1 American Samoa

6.194.2 Baker Island

6.194.3 Guam

6.194.4 Howland Island

6.194.5 Jarvis Island

6.194.6 Johnston Atoll

6.194.7 Kingman Reef

6.194.8 Midway Atoll

6.194.9 Navassa Island

6.194.10 Northern Mariana Islands

6.194.11 Palmyra Atoll

6.194.12 Puerto Rico

6.194.13 U.S. Virgin Islands

6.194.14 Wake Island

6.195 Uruguay

6.196 Uzbekistan

6.197 Vanuatu

6.198 Vatican

6.199 Venezuela

6.200 Viet Nam

6.201 Yemen

6.202 Zambia

6.203 Zimbabwe

7. CULINARY ARTS AND GASTRONOMY

7.1 Culinary and Gastronomy Tourism

7.2 Culinary Arts and Gastronomy Education

7.3 Culinary Culture

7.4 Gastronomy Destinations

7.5 Restaurateurs

7.6 World Cuisines

7.6.1 Contemporary World Cuisines

7.6.2 Ethnic Cuisines

7.6.3 Historical Cuisines

7.6.4 National Cuisines

7.6.5 Regional Cuisines

8. CURRENT AND HISTORICAL TOURISM OCCUPATIONS

8.1 Accommodation and Lodging

8.1.1 Historical Accommodation Services

8.1.2 Hotels and Resorts

8.1.3 Other Accommodation Establishments

8.2 Air Passenger Transport and Airport Services

8.2.1 Airline and Airport Passenger Services

8.2.2 Airline Flight and Cabin Operations

8.2.3 Historical Air Passenger Services

8.3 Cruise, Ferry, Maritime and Yacht Tourism

8.3.1 Cruise Ship Operations

8.3.2 Ferry and Excursion-Boat Services

8.3.3 Historical Water Passenger Transport

8.3.4 Marina and Yacht Tourism

8.4 Destination Management and Visitor Information

8.4.1 Destination Management and Public Tourism Services

8.4.2 Historical Destination Promotion

8.4.3 Tourism Media and Publishing

8.5 Events, Festivals and MICE

8.5.1 Event and Meeting Management

8.5.2 Exhibitions, Festivals and Public Events

8.5.3 Historical Public Events

8.5.4 Venue and Event Production

8.6 Food and Beverage Services

8.6.1 Beverage Services

8.6.2 Catering and Banqueting

8.6.3 Culinary and Kitchen Operations

8.6.4 Historical and Classical Service

8.6.5 Restaurant Operations

8.7 Recreation, Sports, Wellness and Gaming

8.7.1 Casino and Gaming Services

8.7.2 Recreation and Outdoor Activities

8.7.3 Spa and Wellness Services

8.7.4 Sports Instruction and Support

8.8 Road and Rail Passenger Transport

8.8.1 Bus, Coach, Taxi and Chauffeur Services

8.8.2 Historical Road and Rail Services

8.8.3 Rail Passenger Services

8.9 Specialized Visitor and Travel Services

8.9.1 Accessible Travel Services

8.9.2 Educational, Youth and Religious Travel

8.9.3 Language and Interpreting Services

8.9.4 Visitor Photography

8.10 Tourism Retail, Entertainment and Nightlife

8.10.1 Historical Leisure Entertainment

8.10.2 Nightlife and Live Entertainment

8.10.3 Tourism and Attraction Retail

8.11 Tourist Guiding and Interpretation

8.11.1 General Tourist Guiding

8.11.2 Historical Guiding

8.11.3 Specialist Guiding

8.12 Travel Agencies and Tour Operations

8.12.1 Historical Travel Organization

8.12.2 Tour Operator Services

8.12.3 Travel Agency Services

8.13 Travel Protection and Assistance

8.13.1 Travel Insurance

8.13.2 Travel Money Services

8.13.3 Traveller Assistance

8.14 Visitor Attractions, Culture and Heritage

8.14.1 Heritage Sites and Interpretation

8.14.2 Historical Attraction Occupations

8.14.3 Museums, Galleries and Exhibitions

8.14.4 Theme Parks and Amusement Attractions

8.14.5 Wildlife and Marine-Life Attractions

9. DESTINATION

9.1 Destination Concepts

9.1.1 Destination

9.1.2 Destination Area

9.1.3 Destination History

9.1.4 Destination Identity

9.1.5 Destination Image

9.1.6 Destination Lifecycle

9.1.7 Destination Personality

9.1.8 Destination Region

9.1.9 Destination Sense of Place

9.2 Destination Designations and Networks

9.2.1 International Destination Designations and Networks

9.2.1.1 Best Tourism Villages by UN Tourism

9.2.1.2 Biosphere Reserve Destination (UNESCO)

9.2.1.3 European Capital of Smart Tourism

9.2.1.4 European Destinations of Excellence (EDEN)

9.2.1.5 Green Destinations Certified Destination

9.2.1.6 Green Destinations Top 100 Stories

9.2.1.7 Ramsar Wetland Destination

9.2.1.8 UNESCO Global Geopark Destination

9.2.2 UNESCO Creative Cities Network

9.2.2.1 UNESCO Creative City of Crafts and Folk Art

9.2.2.2 UNESCO Creative City of Design

9.2.2.3 UNESCO Creative City of Film

9.2.2.4 UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy

9.2.2.5 UNESCO Creative City of Literature

9.2.2.6 UNESCO Creative City of Media Arts

9.2.2.7 UNESCO Creative City of Music

9.2.3 UNESCO World Heritage

9.2.3.1 UNESCO World Heritage Destination

9.3 Destination Management and Development

9.3.1 Destination Management

9.3.1.1 Destination Carrying Capacity

9.3.1.2 Destination Governance

9.3.1.3 Destination Planning

9.3.1.4 Destination Resilience

9.3.1.5 Destination Stewardship

9.3.1.6 Overtourism Management

9.3.2 Destination Marketing

9.3.2.1 Destination Branding

9.3.2.2 Destination Competitiveness

9.3.2.3 Destination Marketing

9.3.2.4 Destination Positioning

9.4 Destination Types

9.4.1 Cultural Destinations

9.4.1.1 Archaeological Destination

9.4.1.2 Battlefield Destination

9.4.1.3 Castle Destination

9.4.1.4 Cultural Heritage Destination

9.4.1.5 Cultural Landscape Destination

9.4.1.6 Festival Destination

9.4.1.7 Historic Destination

9.4.1.8 Historic Town Destination

9.4.1.9 Industrial Heritage Destination

9.4.1.10 Literary Destination

9.4.1.11 Living Heritage Destination

9.4.1.12 Museum Destination

9.4.1.13 Pilgrimage Destination

9.4.1.14 Religious Tourism Destination

9.4.1.15 UNESCO Intangible Heritage Destination

9.4.2 Health Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.1 Detox Destinations

9.4.2.2 Holistic Wellness Destinations

9.4.2.3 Integrative Medicine Destinations

9.4.2.4 Long-Stay Care Destinations

9.4.2.5 Medical Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.6 Mental Health Retreat Destinations

9.4.2.7 Rehabilitation Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.8 Senior Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.9 Thermal Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.10 Wellness Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.10.1 Detox Destinations

9.4.2.10.2 Holistic Wellness Destinations

9.4.2.10.3 Meditation Retreat Destinations

9.4.2.10.4 Spa Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.10.5 Spa Tourism Destinations

9.4.2.10.6 Yoga Retreat Destinations

9.4.2.11 Yoga Retreat Destinations

9.4.3 Lifestyle Destinations

9.4.3.1 Digital Nomad Destination

9.4.3.2 LGBTQ+ Friendly Destination

9.4.3.3 Luxury Destination

9.4.3.4 Retirement Destination

9.4.3.5 Second-home Destination

9.4.3.6 Slow Tourism Destination

9.4.3.7 Wellness Lifestyle Destination

9.4.4 Nature-Based Destinations

9.4.4.1 Biosphere Reserve Destination

9.4.4.2 Canyon Destination

9.4.4.3 Cave Destination

9.4.4.4 Coastal / Marine Destination

9.4.4.5 Desert Destination

9.4.4.6 Ecotourism Destination

9.4.4.7 Forest Destination

9.4.4.8 Geopark Destination

9.4.4.9 Glacier Destination

9.4.4.10 Island Destination

9.4.4.11 Lake Destination

9.4.4.12 Mountain Destination

9.4.4.13 National Park Destination

9.4.4.14 Polar Destination

9.4.4.15 Protected Area Destination

9.4.4.16 River Destination

9.4.4.17 Rural Destination

9.4.4.18 Volcano Destination

9.4.4.19 Wetland Destination

9.4.5 Resort Destinations

9.4.5.1 Beach Resort Destination

9.4.5.2 Casino Resort Destination

9.4.5.3 Eco-Resort Destination

9.4.5.4 Integrated Resort Destination

9.4.5.5 Island Resort Destination

9.4.5.6 Ski Resort Destination

9.4.5.7 Wellness Resort Destination

9.4.6 Special Interest Destinations

9.4.6.1 Adventure Destination

9.4.6.2 Astrotourism Destination

9.4.6.3 Birdwatching Destination

9.4.6.4 Cruise Destination

9.4.6.5 Cycling Destination

9.4.6.6 Dark Tourism Destination

9.4.6.7 Diving Destination

9.4.6.8 Educational Tourism Destination

9.4.6.9 Entertainment Destinations

9.4.6.10 Film Tourism Destination

9.4.6.11 Fishing Destination

9.4.6.12 Gastronomy Destination

9.4.6.13 Geotourism Destination

9.4.6.14 Golf Destination

9.4.6.15 Hunting Destination

9.4.6.16 Innovation Destination

9.4.6.17 MICE Destination

9.4.6.18 Motorcycle Touring Destination

9.4.6.19 Photography Destination

9.4.6.20 Railway Tourism Destination

9.4.6.21 Shopping Destination

9.4.6.22 Ski Destination

9.4.6.23 Surfing Destination

9.4.6.24 Theme Park Destination

9.4.6.25 Volunteer Tourism Destination

9.4.6.26 Wildlife Destination

9.4.6.27 Wine Tourism Destination

9.4.7 Urban Destinations

9.4.7.1 Capital City Destination

9.4.7.2 Cittaslow Destination

9.4.7.3 City Destination

9.4.7.4 Creative City

9.4.7.5 Historic City Destination

9.4.7.6 Metropolitan Destination

9.4.7.7 Port City Destination

9.4.7.8 Waterfront Destination

9.5 Emerging Destination Models

9.5.1 Accessible Destination

9.5.2 Carbon-Neutral Destination

9.5.3 Climate-Friendly Destination

9.5.4 Digital Destination

9.5.5 Inclusive Destination

9.5.6 Net-Zero Destination

9.5.7 Regenerative Destination

9.5.8 Resilient Destination

9.5.9 Smart Tourism Destination

9.5.10 Sustainable Destination

10. DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS

10.1 Anthropology

10.1.1 Anthropology of Tourism

10.1.2 Cultural Anthropology

10.1.3 Gastronomic Anthropology

10.2 Archaeology

10.2.1 Classical Archaeology

10.2.2 Maritime and Underwater Archaeology

10.2.3 Medieval Archaeology

10.2.4 Prehistoric Archaeology

10.3 Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Planning, and Design

10.3.1 Architecture

10.3.2 Destination Planning

10.3.3 Interior Architecture

10.3.4 Land-Use Planning

10.3.5 Landscape Architecture

10.3.6 Physical Planning

10.3.7 Resort Planning

10.3.8 Site Planning

10.3.9 Spatial Planning

10.3.10 Tourism Planning

10.3.11 Urban and Regional Planning

10.3.12 Urban Design

10.4 Art History

10.4.1 Aesthetics of Culinary Culture

10.4.2 Architectural History

10.5 Business and Management Sciences

10.5.1 Accounting and Finance

10.5.2 Business Administration

10.5.3 Entrepreneurship

10.5.4 Human Resource Management

10.5.5 Management

10.5.6 Marketing

10.5.7 Marketing Research

10.5.8 Organizational Studies

10.5.9 Production Management

10.6 Communication and Media Studies

10.6.1 Digital Media

10.6.2 Gastronomy Media

10.6.3 Public Relations

10.6.4 Social Media Studies

10.6.5 Tourism Communication

10.7 Economics

10.7.1 Development Economics

10.7.2 Macroeconomics

10.7.3 Microeconomics

10.7.4 Regional Economics

10.7.5 Tourism Economics

10.8 Environmental and Natural Sciences

10.8.1 Biology

10.8.2 Climate Science

10.8.3 Ecology

10.8.4 Environmental Sciences

10.8.5 Geology

10.8.6 Sustainability Studies

10.9 Food Science

10.9.1 Food Chemistry

10.9.2 Food Microbiology

10.9.3 Food Technology

10.10 Gastronomy and Beverage Studies

10.10.1 Beverage Studies

10.10.2 Culinary Arts

10.10.3 Food Studies

10.10.4 Gastronomy Studies

10.11 Geography

10.11.1 Cultural Geography

10.11.2 Recreation Geography

10.11.3 Tourism Geography

10.12 Health and Wellness Sciences

10.12.1 Health Tourism

10.12.2 Public Health

10.12.3 Spa Management

10.12.4 Wellness Studies

10.13 History

10.13.1 Cultural History

10.13.2 History of Gastronomy

10.13.3 Tourism History

10.13.4 Urban History

10.14 Information Technologies and Digitalization

10.14.1 Big Data

10.14.2 Data Analytics

10.14.3 Digital Tourism

10.14.4 Generative Artificial Intelligence

10.14.5 Intelligent Decision Support Systems

10.14.6 Large Language Models

10.14.7 Smart Destinations

10.14.8 Tourism Informatics

10.15 Language and Literature

10.15.1 Cultural Narratives

10.15.2 Travel Writing

10.16 Law and Ethics

10.16.1 Business Ethics

10.16.2 Consumer Law

10.16.3 Cultural Heritage Law

10.16.4 Food Law

10.16.5 Tourism Law

10.17 Leisure Studies

10.17.1 Recreation and Outdoor Leisure

10.17.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Leisure Studies

10.17.3 Tourism and Leisure

10.18 Nutrition Sciences

10.18.1 Dietetics

10.18.2 Nutrition

10.18.3 Public Health Nutrition

10.19 Philosophy

10.19.1 Ethics

10.19.2 Philosophy of Gastronomy

10.19.3 Philosophy of Leisure

10.20 Political Science and Public Administration

10.20.1 Destination Management

10.20.2 Public Administration

10.20.3 Tourism Policies

10.21 Psychology

10.21.1 Consumer Behavior

10.21.2 Experience Psychology

10.21.3 Gastronomy Psychology

10.21.4 Recreation Psychology

10.22 Recreation and Sport Sciences

10.22.1 Leisure Sciences

10.22.2 Outdoor Recreation

10.22.3 Recreation Management

10.22.4 Sport Management

10.23 Sociology

10.23.1 Sociology of Consumption

10.23.2 Sociology of Food and Dining

10.23.3 Sociology of Leisure

10.23.4 Sociology of Tourism

10.24 Tourism Health, Safety, Security, and Risk Management

10.24.1 Biosecurity and Biosafety

10.24.2 Crisis and Emergency Management

10.24.3 Disaster Risk Management

10.24.4 Food Safety

10.24.5 Occupational Health and Safety

10.24.6 Public Health and Tourism

10.24.7 Tourism Safety

10.24.8 Tourism Security

10.24.9 Travel Health and Medicine

10.24.10 Visitor Risk Management

10.25 Transportation and Aviation Studies

10.25.1 Aviation Management

10.25.2 Cruise Management

10.25.3 Transportation Systems

11. EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC FIELDS

11.1 Culinary Arts and Gastronomy

11.1.1 Baking and Pastry Arts

11.1.2 Culinary Arts

11.1.3 Culinary Management

11.1.4 Culinary Science

11.1.5 Food Technology

11.1.6 Gastronomy

11.1.7 Gastronomy and Culinary Arts

11.2 Ecotourism

11.3 Food and Beverage Management

11.4 Heritage, Culture, and Museum Studies

11.4.1 Cultural Heritage Management

11.4.2 Cultural Tourism

11.4.3 Heritage Management

11.4.4 Museum Management

11.4.5 Museum Studies

11.5 Hospitality Management

11.5.1 Hospitality Administration

11.5.2 Hotel and Restaurant Management

11.5.3 Hotel Management

11.5.4 International Hospitality Management

11.5.5 Lodging Management

11.5.6 Luxury Hospitality Management

11.5.7 Resort Management

11.6 Recreation and Leisure Studies

11.6.1 Community Recreation

11.6.2 Leisure Studies

11.6.3 Outdoor Recreation

11.6.4 Parks and Recreation Management

11.6.5 Recreation Management

11.6.6 Sport and Recreation Management

11.6.7 Therapeutic Recreation

11.7 Tourism Studies and Management

11.7.1 Destination Management

11.7.2 International Tourism Management

11.7.3 Smart Tourism Management

11.7.4 Sustainable Tourism Management

11.7.5 Tourism Administration

11.7.6 Tourism Development

11.7.7 Tourism Economics

11.7.8 Tourism Management

11.7.9 Tourism Planning

11.7.10 Tourism Policy and Planning

11.7.11 Tourism Studies

11.8 Tourist Guiding

11.9 Transport Management

11.10 Travel Industry Management

12. EVENTS, FESTIVALS, AND ORGANIZED GATHERINGS

12.1 Arts and Cultural Events

12.1.1 Arts Festival

12.1.2 Ballet Festival

12.1.3 Concert

12.1.4 Cultural Festival

12.1.5 Dance Festival

12.1.6 Fashion and Design Events

12.1.7 Film Festival

12.1.8 Literary Festival

12.1.9 Music Festival

12.1.10 Opera Festival

12.1.11 Photography Festival

12.1.12 Street Performance

12.1.13 Theatre Festival

12.1.14 Visual Arts Festival

12.2 Business Events and MICE

12.2.1 Congress / Convention

12.2.2 Council / Assembly

12.2.3 Forum

12.2.4 Incentive Travel

12.2.5 Panel

12.2.6 Search Conference

12.2.7 Seminar

12.2.8 Symposium

12.2.9 Trade Exhibition

12.2.10 Workshop

12.3 Ceremonial and Recognition Events

12.3.1 Award Ceremony

12.3.2 Opening Ceremony

12.3.3 Recognition Ceremony

12.4 Community, Civic, and Public Events

12.4.1 Charity and Fundraising Event

12.4.2 Civic Ceremony

12.4.3 Community Festival

12.4.4 Public Celebration

12.4.5 Public Commemorative Event

12.5 Entertainment Events

12.5.1 Entertainment Show

12.5.2 Fireworks Display

12.5.3 Light and Multimedia Show

12.5.4 Theme Party

12.5.5 Variety Show

12.6 Events by Delivery and Participation Format

12.6.1 Hybrid Event

12.6.2 In-Person Event

12.6.3 Livestreamed Event

12.6.4 Virtual Event

12.7 Events by Scale and Significance

12.7.1 Major Event

12.7.2 Mega Event

12.7.3 Special Event

12.8 Events by Season and Calendar

12.8.1 Autumn Festival

12.8.2 Seasonal Event

12.8.3 Seasonal Market

12.8.4 Spring Festival

12.8.5 Summer Festival

12.8.6 Winter Festival

12.9 Events by Spatial Format

12.9.1 Destination-Wide Event

12.9.2 Distributed Event

12.9.3 Mobile Event

12.9.4 Multi-Venue Event

12.9.5 Parade

12.9.6 Route-Based Event

12.9.7 Site-Based Event

12.10 Food and Gastronomy Events

12.10.1 Agricultural and Harvest Events

12.10.2 Beverage Festivals

12.10.3 Culinary Competitions

12.10.4 Food and Culinary Festivals

12.10.5 Food Fairs and Exhibitions

12.10.6 Food Markets

12.10.7 Tastings and Culinary Experiences

12.11 Sports and Recreation Events

12.11.1 Athletics and Running Events

12.11.2 Combat Sports Events

12.11.2.1 Traditional Oil Wrestling Event

12.11.3 Cycling Events

12.11.4 Golf Events

12.11.5 Motor Sports Events

12.11.5.1 Motor Racing Championship

12.11.6 Mountain Recreation Events

12.11.7 Multi-Sport Events

12.11.8 Racket Sports Events

12.11.8.1 Tennis Event

12.11.9 Sailing Events

12.11.10 Team Sports Events

12.11.11 Tennis Events

12.11.12 Traditional Sports Events

12.11.13 Water Sports Event

12.11.13.1 Sailing Event

12.11.14 Winter Sports Events

12.12 Traditional, Cultural, and Heritage Events

12.12.1 Carnival

12.12.2 Folk Festival

12.12.3 Heritage Commemoration

12.12.4 Heritage Festival

12.12.5 Historical Reenactment

12.12.6 Living History Event

12.12.7 Traditional and Cultural Festivals

12.12.8 Traditional Celebration

12.12.9 Traditional Ceremony

12.12.10 Traditional Festival

13. FOOD AND BEVERAGE ESTABLISHMENTS

13.1 Bakery and Pastry Establishments

13.1.1 Bakery

13.1.2 Dessert Café

13.1.3 Pastry Shop

13.1.4 Patisserie

13.2 Beverage Service Establishments

13.2.1 Bars and Drinking Establishments

13.2.1.1 By Alcoholic Beverage Specialization

13.2.1.2 By Entertainment Concept

13.2.1.3 By Food Offering

13.2.1.4 By Location and Setting

13.2.1.5 By Ownership and Business Model

13.2.1.6 By Service and Operating Format

13.2.1.7 By Sustainability

13.2.1.8 By Technology

13.2.1.9 By Theme and Experience

13.2.1.10 By Tourism and Heritage Significance

13.2.1.11 General and Traditional Bars

13.2.2 Non-Alcoholic Beverage Establishments

13.2.2.1 Alcohol-Free and Mocktail Bars

13.2.2.2 Juice and Health Beverage Bars

13.2.2.3 Tea and Fermented Beverage Bars

13.3 Cafés, Coffee Shops, and Coffeehouses

13.3.1 By Brewing Specialization

13.3.2 By Coffee Specialization

13.3.3 By Cultural Tradition

13.3.4 By Lifestyle Concept

13.3.5 By Location and Setting

13.3.6 By Menu Offering

13.3.7 By Ownership and Business Model

13.3.8 By Service Channel

13.3.9 Coffee Brewing and Service

13.3.10 Coffee Tasting and Educational Venues

13.3.11 General Concepts and Establishment Types

13.4 Catering and Food Distribution Services

13.4.1 Catering Company

13.4.2 Event Catering

13.4.3 Food Production and Distribution Service

13.4.4 Institutional Catering

13.5 Digital and Online Food Services

13.5.1 Cloud Kitchen Platform

13.5.2 Food Ordering Application

13.5.3 Online Food Delivery Platform

13.5.4 Virtual Restaurant

13.6 Quick-Service Food Establishments

13.6.1 Fast Food Restaurant

13.6.2 Grab-and-Go Food Service

13.6.3 Street Food Establishment

13.6.3.1 Food Cart

13.6.3.2 Food Stall

13.6.3.3 Food Truck

13.6.3.4 Hawker Stall

13.7 Restaurants and Dining Establishments

13.7.1 Barbecue Restaurant

13.7.1.1 Smokehouse

13.7.1.2 Yakitori Restaurant

13.7.2 Bistro

13.7.2.1 Brasserie

13.7.3 Breakfast Restaurant

13.7.4 Brewery Restaurant

13.7.4.1 Brewpub

13.7.5 Brunch Restaurant

13.7.6 Buffet Restaurant

13.7.6.1 All-You-Can-Eat Restaurant

13.7.6.2 Cafeteria

13.7.6.3 Hotel Buffet Restaurant

13.7.7 Casual Dining Restaurant

13.7.8 Celebrity Chef Restaurant

13.7.9 Chef-Owned Restaurant

13.7.10 Dark Restaurant (Dining in the Dark)

13.7.11 Dessert Restaurant

13.7.11.1 Crêperie

13.7.12 Destination Dining Restaurant

13.7.13 Distillery Restaurant

13.7.14 Ethnic Restaurant

13.7.14.1 African Restaurant

13.7.14.2 American Restaurant

13.7.14.2.1 Chophouse

13.7.14.2.2 Pancake House

13.7.14.3 Arab Restaurant

13.7.14.4 Argentine Restaurant

13.7.14.5 Brazilian Restaurant

13.7.14.5.1 Churrascaria

13.7.14.6 Chinese Restaurant

13.7.14.6.1 Dim Sum Restaurant

13.7.14.7 French Restaurant

13.7.14.8 German Restaurant

13.7.14.9 Greek Restaurant

13.7.14.9.1 Taverna

13.7.14.10 Indian Restaurant

13.7.14.11 Indonesian Restaurant

13.7.14.12 Italian Restaurant

13.7.14.12.1 Osteria

13.7.14.12.2 Pizzeria

13.7.14.12.3 Trattoria

13.7.14.13 Japanese Restaurant

13.7.14.13.1 Izakaya

13.7.14.13.2 Ramen Restaurant

13.7.14.14 Korean Restaurant

13.7.14.15 Lebanese Restaurant

13.7.14.16 Mediterranean Restaurant

13.7.14.17 Mexican Restaurant

13.7.14.18 Middle Eastern Restaurant

13.7.14.19 Moroccan Restaurant

13.7.14.20 Peruvian Restaurant

13.7.14.21 Spanish Restaurant

13.7.14.22 Thai Restaurant

13.7.14.23 Turkish Restaurant

13.7.14.24 Vietnamese Restaurant

13.7.15 Family Restaurant

13.7.16 Farm-to-Table Restaurant

13.7.17 Fine Dining Restaurant

13.7.17.1 Chef's Table Restaurant

13.7.17.2 Experimental Restaurant

13.7.17.3 Michelin-Starred Restaurant

13.7.17.4 Molecular Gastronomy Restaurant

13.7.17.5 Tasting Menu Restaurant

13.7.18 Floating Restaurant

13.7.19 Fusion Restaurant

13.7.19.1 Asian Fusion Restaurant

13.7.19.2 California Cuisine Restaurant

13.7.19.3 Nikkei Restaurant

13.7.20 Gastropub

13.7.21 Grill Restaurant

13.7.21.1 Charcoal Grill Restaurant

13.7.21.2 Wood-Fired Grill Restaurant

13.7.22 Halal Restaurant

13.7.23 Health Food Restaurant

13.7.23.1 Macrobiotic Restaurant

13.7.23.2 Wellness Restaurant

13.7.24 Hotel Restaurant

13.7.25 Immersive Dining Restaurant

13.7.26 Interactive Dining Restaurant

13.7.27 Kosher Restaurant

13.7.28 Luxury Restaurant

13.7.29 Off-Premises Restauran

13.7.29.1 Delivery Restaurant

13.7.29.2 Drive-through Restaurant

13.7.29.3 Takeaway Restaurant

13.7.30 Open Kitchen Restaurant

13.7.31 Organic Restaurant

13.7.32 Resort Restaurant

13.7.33 Restaurant

13.7.33.1 Destination Restaurant

13.7.33.2 Pop-up Restaurant

13.7.33.3 Theme Restaurant

13.7.34 Revolving Restaurant

13.7.35 Robot Restaurant

13.7.36 Rooftop Restaurant

13.7.37 Scenic Restaurant

13.7.38 Seafood Restaurant

13.7.38.1 Crab House

13.7.38.2 Fish Restaurant

13.7.38.3 Live Seafood Restaurant

13.7.38.4 Lobster House

13.7.38.5 Oyster Bar

13.7.38.6 Raw Bar

13.7.38.7 Seafood Grill Restaurant

13.7.38.8 Shellfish Restaurant

13.7.39 Steakhouse

13.7.39.1 Argentine Steakhouse

13.7.39.2 Brazilian Steakhouse

13.7.40 Supper Club

13.7.41 Sustainable Restaurant

13.7.41.1 Carbon-Neutral Restaurant

13.7.41.2 Green Restaurant

13.7.41.3 Zero-Waste Restaurant

13.7.42 Tea House Restaurant

13.7.43 Underwater Restaurant

13.7.44 Vegan Restaurant

13.7.44.1 Plant-Based Restaurant

13.7.44.2 Raw Vegan Restaurant

13.7.45 Vegetarian Restaurant

13.7.45.1 Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian Restaurant

13.7.45.2 Lacto-Vegetarian Restaurant

13.7.45.3 Ovo-Vegetarian Restaurant

13.7.46 Waterfront Restaurant

13.7.47 Winery Restaurant

13.7.48 Winery Tasting Restaurant

13.8 Traditional and Heritage Food Establishments

13.8.1 Culinary Heritage Establishment

13.8.2 Heritage Food Venue

13.8.3 Traditional Restaurant

14. FOODS AND BEVERAGES

14.1 Beverages

14.1.1 Alcoholic Beverages

14.1.1.1 Distilled Alcoholic Beverages

14.1.1.2 Fermented Alcoholic Beverages

14.1.1.3 Traditional Alcoholic Beverages

14.1.2 Non-Alcoholic Beverages

14.1.2.1 Cold Beverages

14.1.2.2 Hot Beverages

14.1.2.3 Traditional and Specialty Beverages

14.2 Foods

14.2.1 Cultural and Regional Foods

14.2.1.1 Local Foods

14.2.1.2 Regional Dishes

14.2.1.3 Traditional Foods

14.2.2 Desserts and Bakery Products

14.2.2.1 Bakery and Pastry Products

14.2.2.2 Desserts and Sweets

14.2.3 Dietary Food Categories

14.2.3.1 Vegan Foods

14.2.3.2 Vegetarian Foods

14.2.4 Dishes and Meals

14.2.4.1 Appetizers and Starters

14.2.4.2 Main Dishes

14.2.4.2.1 Meat dishes

14.2.4.2.2 Poultry dishes

14.2.4.3 Soups

14.2.4.4 Street Foods

14.2.5 Ingredient-Based Food Categories

14.2.5.1 Dairy Products

14.2.5.2 Meat and Poultry Products

14.2.5.3 Seafood Products

15. HEALTH TOURISM

15.1 Complementary and Alternative Health Tourism

15.1.1 Ayurveda Tourism

15.1.2 Herbal Therapy Tourism

15.1.3 Traditional Healing Tourism

15.1.4 Traditional Medicine Tourism

15.2 Health Tourism Management

15.2.1 Health Destination Management

15.2.2 Health Tourism Management

15.2.3 Medical Hospitality

15.2.4 Wellness Management

15.3 Medical Tourism

15.3.1 Cosmetic and Aesthetic Tourism

15.3.2 Dental Tourism

15.3.3 Hospital-Based Health Tourism

15.3.4 International Hospital

15.3.5 Medical Resort

15.3.6 Medical Tourism Facility

15.3.7 Rehabilitation Center

15.3.8 Rehabilitation Tourism

15.3.9 Surgical Tourism

15.4 Preventive Health and Healthy Living Tourism

15.4.1 Detox Tourism

15.4.2 Fitness Tourism

15.4.3 Healthy Aging Tourism

15.4.4 Longevity Tourism

15.4.5 Nutrition and Wellness Tourism

15.5 Spa and Thermal Tourism

15.5.1 Balneotherapy

15.5.2 Climatotherapy

15.5.3 Day Spa

15.5.4 Destination Spa

15.5.5 Hydrotherapy

15.5.6 Spa Hotel

15.5.7 Spa Therapy

15.5.8 Thalassotherapy

15.5.9 Thermal Resort

15.6 Wellness Tourism

15.6.1 Holistic Health Retreat

15.6.2 Holistic Wellness

15.6.3 Meditation Tourism

15.6.4 Mindfulness Tourism

15.6.5 Wellness Center

15.6.6 Wellness Resort

15.6.7 Wellness Retreat

15.6.8 Yoga Retreat

16. LAW AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS

16.1 Cultural Heritage and Conservation Law

16.1.1 Archaeological Heritage Law

16.1.2 Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property

16.1.3 Intangible Cultural Heritage Law

16.1.4 Protection of Cultural Assets

16.1.5 Restitution and Repatriation Processes

16.2 Environmental and Sustainability Law

16.2.1 Climate and Carbon Regulations

16.2.2 Environmental Law

16.2.3 Protected Areas Law

16.2.4 Sustainable Tourism Regulations

16.3 International Agreements and Conventions

16.3.1 Bilateral Agreement

16.3.2 Convention / Treaty

16.3.3 Cultural Heritage Protection Conventions

16.3.4 International Agreement

16.3.5 International Tourism Conventions

16.3.6 Multilateral Agreement

16.3.7 Protocol

16.3.8 UNESCO Conventions

16.4 Legislative Documents

16.4.1 Bylaw / Statutory Regulation

16.4.2 Circular

16.4.3 Communiqué

16.4.4 Decree

16.4.5 Directive / Guideline

16.4.6 Law / Act

16.4.7 Regulation

16.5 Tourism Law

16.5.1 Consumer Rights

16.5.2 Hospitality Law

16.5.3 Package Tour Contracts

16.5.4 Tourism Legislation

16.5.5 Tourist Rights

16.5.6 Travel Law

17. MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

17.1 Academic Publishing

17.1.1 Academic Monograph

17.1.2 Conference Proceedings

17.1.3 Edited Volume

17.1.4 Peer-Reviewed Journal

17.2 Books and Monographs

17.2.1 Academic Book

17.2.2 Book

17.2.3 Gastronomy Book

17.2.4 Tourism Monograph

17.2.5 Travel Literature

17.3 Digital Publishing and Online Media

17.3.1 Digital Magazine

17.3.2 Online Tourism Portal

17.3.3 Tourism Podcast

17.3.4 Tourism Website

17.3.5 Travel Blog

17.4 Periodicals

17.4.1 Annual Publication

17.4.2 Bulletin / Newsletter

17.4.3 Magazine

17.4.4 Periodical Publication

17.5 Research and Institutional Reports

17.5.1 Annual Report

17.5.2 Policy Report

17.5.3 Research Report

17.5.4 Sectoral Report

17.5.5 Sustainability Report

17.6 Television Broadcasting

17.6.1 Aviation Television Programs

17.6.2 Cruise Television Programs

17.6.3 Culinary Travel Television Programs

17.6.4 Destination Documentary Series

17.6.5 Heritage Television Programs

17.6.6 Hotel and Hospitality Television Programs

17.6.7 Railway Travel Television Programs

17.6.8 Tourism Television Programs

17.6.9 Travel Television Programs

17.6.10 Wildlife Travel Television Programs

18. MUSEUMS, EXHIBITIONS, AND VISITOR ATTRACTIONS

18.1 Exhibitions

18.1.1 Digital Exhibitions

18.1.2 Immersive Exhibitions

18.1.3 Permanent Exhibitions

18.1.4 Temporary Exhibitions

18.1.5 Travelling Exhibitions

18.1.6 World Expositions

18.2 Galleries

18.2.1 Artist-Run Galleries

18.2.2 Commercial Art Galleries

18.2.3 Contemporary Art Galleries

18.2.4 Craft and Design Galleries

18.2.5 Cultural and Heritage Galleries

18.2.6 Digital and Virtual Galleries

18.2.7 Non-Profit Art Galleries

18.2.8 Photography Galleries

18.2.9 Pop-Up and Mobile Galleries

18.2.10 Public Art Galleries

18.2.11 University Art Galleries

18.3 Museums

18.3.1 Archaeology Museums

18.3.1.1 Ancient Civilizations Museum

18.3.1.2 Classical Archaeology Museum

18.3.1.3 Maritime Archaeology Museum

18.3.1.4 Prehistoric Museum

18.3.2 Art Museums

18.3.2.1 Contemporary Art Museum

18.3.2.2 Decorative Arts Museum

18.3.2.3 Fine Arts Museum

18.3.2.4 Modern Art Museum

18.3.2.5 Photography Museum

18.3.2.6 Sculpture Museum

18.3.3 Digital and Virtual Museums

18.3.3.1 Digital Museum

18.3.3.2 Immersive Museum

18.3.3.3 Virtual Museum

18.3.4 Ethnography and Anthropology Museums

18.3.4.1 Anthropology Museum

18.3.4.2 Ethnographic Museums

18.3.4.2.1 Folk Culture Museum

18.3.4.2.2 Open-Air Ethnographic Museum

18.3.4.3 Indigenous Culture Museum

18.3.5 Food and Culinary Museums

18.3.5.1 Bread Museum

18.3.5.2 Chocolate Museum

18.3.5.3 Coffee Museum

18.3.5.4 Culinary Museum

18.3.5.5 Food Museum

18.3.5.6 Gastronomy Museum

18.3.5.7 Olive Oil Museum

18.3.5.8 Pastry Museum

18.3.5.9 Tea Museum

18.3.5.10 Wine Museum

18.3.6 Heritage Museums

18.3.6.1 Cultural Heritage Museum

18.3.6.2 Cultural Landscape Museum

18.3.6.3 Industrial Heritage Museum

18.3.6.4 Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum

18.3.6.5 World Heritage Museum

18.3.7 History Museums

18.3.7.1 Local History Museum

18.3.7.2 Military History Museum

18.3.7.3 National History Museum

18.3.7.4 Natural History Museum

18.3.7.5 Political History Museum

18.3.7.6 Regional History Museum

18.3.8 Open-Air and Living Museums

18.3.8.1 Eco-Museum

18.3.8.2 Heritage Village

18.3.8.3 Living History Museum

18.3.8.4 Open-Air Museum

18.3.9 Science and Technology Museums

18.3.9.1 Innovation Museum

18.3.9.2 Science Museum

18.3.9.3 Space Museum

18.3.9.4 Technology Museum

18.3.9.5 Transportation Museum

18.3.10 Sports Museums

18.4 Recreational, Entertainment, and Themed Attractions

18.4.1 Adventure Parks

18.4.2 Amusement Parks

18.4.3 Indoor Entertainment Parks

18.4.4 Marine Life Parks and Aquariums

18.4.5 Seasonal and Event Parks

18.4.6 Technology-Based Entertainment Parks

18.4.7 Theme Parks

18.4.8 Water Parks

18.4.9 Wildlife and Safari Parks

18.5 Visitor and Interpretation Centres

18.5.1 Heritage Interpretation Centre

18.5.2 Nature Interpretation Centre

18.5.3 Tourism Information Centre

18.5.4 Visitor Centre

19. NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

19.1 Archaeological Heritage

19.1.1 Altar

19.1.2 Ancient City

19.1.3 Ancient Library

19.1.4 Ancient Theatre

19.1.5 Archaeological Site

19.1.6 Coin

19.1.7 Hippodrome

19.1.8 Mosaic

19.1.9 Sarcophagus

19.1.10 Tablet

19.1.11 Tell / Mound Settlement

19.1.12 Tumulus

19.2 Art History and Visual Culture

19.2.1 Art by Geographic and Cultural Tradition

19.2.2 Art by Historical Period

19.2.2.1 Ancient Art

19.2.2.1.1 Ancient Egyptian Art

19.2.2.1.2 Ancient Greek Art

19.2.2.1.3 Ancient Roman Art

19.2.2.2 Contemporary Art

19.2.2.3 Early Modern Art

19.2.2.4 Medieval Art

19.2.2.5 Modern Art

19.2.2.6 Prehistoric Art

19.2.2.7 Renaissance Art

19.2.3 Art Forms, Media, and Techniques

19.2.4 Art Movements and Styles

19.2.5 Artistic Genres, Themes, and Subject Matter

19.2.6 Iconography, Symbolism, and Visual Interpretation

19.2.7 Visual Narrative and Storytelling

19.3 Biodiversity and Ecology

19.3.1 Ecological Corridors

19.3.2 Ecosystems

19.3.3 Endemic Species

19.3.4 Fauna

19.3.5 Flora

19.4 Geological and Geomorphological Formations

19.4.1 Beach

19.4.2 Canyon

19.4.3 Cave

19.4.4 Coastal Area

19.4.5 Geothermal Resource

19.4.6 Lake

19.4.7 Mountain

19.4.8 Plateau / Highland

19.4.9 River / Stream

19.4.10 Valley

19.4.11 Waterfall

19.5 Intangible Cultural Heritage

19.5.1 Culinary Heritage and Traditional Foodways

19.5.2 Oral Traditions and Expressions

19.5.3 Performing Arts

19.5.3.1 Folk Dances

19.5.4 Social Practices, Rituals, and Festive Events

19.5.5 Traditional Craftsmanship

19.5.6 Traditional Dress and Costume Practices

19.5.7 Traditional Games and Sports

19.5.8 Traditional Knowledge and Practices Concerning Nature

19.6 Monumental and Historic Structures

19.6.1 Aqueduct

19.6.2 Bastion / Fortification

19.6.3 Bridge

19.6.4 Castle / Fortress

19.6.5 City Walls

19.6.6 Clock Tower

19.6.7 Lighthouse

19.6.8 Monument

19.6.9 Tunnel

19.7 Protected Natural Areas

19.7.1 Ecotourism Area

19.7.2 Geopark

19.7.3 National Park

19.7.4 Nature Reserve / Protected Area

19.7.5 UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

19.7.6 UNESCO Global Geopark

19.7.7 UNESCO Mixed Heritage Site

19.7.8 UNESCO Natural Heritage Site

19.8 Religious Architecture and Sacred Heritage

19.8.1 Cathedral

19.8.2 Chapel

19.8.3 Church

19.8.4 Dervish Lodge

19.8.5 Madrasa

19.8.6 Mausoleum / Tomb

19.8.7 Monastery

19.8.8 Mosque

19.8.9 Religious Complex

19.8.10 Synagogue

19.8.11 Temple

19.9 Tangible Cultural Heritage

19.9.1 Artistic Heritage

19.9.1.1 Decorative and Applied Arts Heritage

19.9.1.2 Monumental and Architectural Art Heritage

19.9.1.3 Visual and Fine Arts Heritage

19.9.2 Religious and Sacred Tangible Heritage

19.9.2.1 Liturgical and Devotional Objects

19.9.2.2 Religious Buildings and Sites

19.9.2.3 Sacred Artworks

19.10 UNESCO and International Protection Programs

19.10.1 UNESCO Creative Cities Network

19.10.2 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

19.10.3 UNESCO Memory of the World Programme

19.10.4 UNESCO Tentative List

19.10.5 UNESCO World Heritage Site

20. PEOPLE / BIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES

20.1 Architects, Planners, and Designers

20.1.1 Destination Planners

20.1.2 Experience Designers

20.1.3 Hospitality Designers

20.1.4 Landscape Architects

20.1.5 Tourism Architects

20.2 Cultural Heritage and Museum Professionals

20.2.1 Archaeologists

20.2.2 Conservation Specialists

20.2.3 Cultural Heritage Experts

20.2.4 Heritage Managers

20.2.5 Museum Curators

20.3 Environmental and Sustainability Experts

20.3.1 Climate and Tourism Specialists

20.3.2 Ecotourism Experts

20.3.3 Environmental Researchers

20.3.4 Sustainability Consultants

20.4 Gastronomy and Culinary Professionals

20.4.1 Beverage Experts

20.4.2 Chefs

20.4.3 Culinary Educators

20.4.4 Culinary Researchers

20.4.5 Food Historians

20.4.6 Gastronomy Writers

20.4.7 Restaurateurs

20.4.8 Sommeliers

20.5 Historical Figures in Tourism

20.5.1 Founders of Tourism Institutions

20.5.2 Gastronomy Pioneers

20.5.3 Hospitality Pioneers

20.5.4 Tourism Pioneers

20.5.5 Travel Explorers

20.6 Interdisciplinary Contributors

20.7 Recreation, Wellness, and Leisure Professionals

20.7.1 Leisure Researchers

20.7.2 Outdoor Recreation Leaders

20.7.3 Recreation Specialists

20.7.4 Spa Professionals

20.7.5 Wellness Experts

20.8 Tourism Academics and Researchers

20.8.1 Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Scholars

20.8.2 Leisure Scholars

20.8.3 Recreation Scholars

20.8.4 Tourism and Hospitality Scholars

20.8.5 Tourism Economists

20.8.6 Tourism Geographers

20.8.7 Tourism Sociologists

20.9 Tourism Administrators

20.9.1 International Organization Officials

20.9.2 Ministers of Tourism

20.9.3 Public Administrators

20.10 Tourism Anthropologists

20.11 Tourism Entrepreneurs and Innovators

20.11.1 Airline Entrepreneurs

20.11.2 Cruise Entrepreneurs

20.11.3 Digital Travel Entrepreneurs

20.11.4 Hospitality Investors

20.11.5 Restaurateurs

20.11.6 Startup Founders

20.11.7 Tourism Entrepreneurs

20.11.8 Travel Technology Innovators

20.12 Tourism Industry Professionals

20.12.1 Airline Executives

20.12.2 Convention Industry Professionals

20.12.3 Cruise Industry Professionals

20.12.4 Destination Managers

20.12.5 Digital Travel Executives

20.12.6 Event Managers

20.12.7 Hospitality Managers

20.12.8 Hotel Executives

20.12.9 Tour Operators

20.12.10 Travel Agency Executives

20.13 Travel Writers, Media Figures, and Influencers

20.13.1 Documentary Producers

20.13.2 Gastronomy Media Figures

20.13.3 Tourism Broadcasters

20.13.4 Tourism Journalists

20.13.5 Travel Influencers

20.13.6 Travel Writers / Traveler

21. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

21.1 Local Destination Governance

21.1.1 City Tourism Office

21.1.2 Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB)

21.1.3 Destination Marketing/Management Organizations (DMOs)

21.2 National Tourism Government Organizations

21.3 National Tourism Organizations (NTOs)

21.4 Regional Tourism Offices

22. RELIGION AND BELIEF SYSTEMS

22.1 Christian Denominations

22.1.1 Anglicanism

22.1.2 Catholicism

22.1.3 Eastern Churches

22.1.4 Orthodoxy

22.1.5 Protestantism

22.2 Islamic Sects and Schools

22.2.1 Alevism-Bektashism

22.2.2 Ja’farism

22.2.3 Kharijism

22.2.4 Shi’a Islam

22.2.5 Sufi Orders and Traditions

22.2.6 Sunni Islam

22.3 Jewish Denominations

22.3.1 Conservative Judaism

22.3.2 Hasidism

22.3.3 Orthodox Judaism

22.3.4 Reform Judaism

22.4 Religions

22.4.1 Abrahamic Religions

22.4.2 Eastern Religions

22.4.3 Esoteric and Mystical Belief Systems

22.4.4 New Religious Movements

22.4.5 Traditional and Indigenous Religions

22.5 Religious Beliefs and Doctrines

22.5.1 Afterlife Belief

22.5.2 Animism

22.5.3 Concept of Sacredness

22.5.4 Karma

22.5.5 Monotheism

22.5.6 Polytheism

22.5.7 Reincarnation

22.5.8 Totemism

22.6 Religious Rituals and Sacred Spaces

22.6.1 Church

22.6.2 Monastery

22.6.3 Mosque

22.6.4 Pilgrimage Center

22.6.5 Shrine / Mausoleum

22.6.6 Synagogue

22.6.7 Temple

22.7 Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

22.7.1 Pilgrimage Culture

22.7.2 Pilgrimage Organizations

22.7.3 Religious Festivals

22.7.4 Sacred Routes

23. RESEARCH AND STATISTICS

23.1 Applied Research

23.1.1 Applied Research

23.1.2 Industry Research

23.1.3 Market Research

23.1.4 Policy Research

23.2 Basic Research

23.2.1 Basic / Fundamental Research

23.2.2 Conceptual Research

23.2.3 Theoretical Research

23.3 Data, Measurement, and Analysis

23.3.1 Data Analysis

23.3.2 Feasibility Study

23.3.3 Impact Assessment / Impact Analysis

23.3.4 Inventory Study

23.3.5 Statistical Research

23.4 Graduate Research

23.4.1 Doctoral Dissertation

23.4.2 Master’s Thesis

23.4.3 Postdoctoral Research

23.5 Planning and Policy Studies

23.5.1 Conservation Plan

23.5.2 Management Plan

23.5.3 Plan

23.5.4 Regional Development Plan

23.5.5 Strategic Plan

23.5.6 Tourism Development Plan

23.6 Project Studies

23.6.1 Development Project

23.6.2 European Union Project

23.6.3 Implementation Project

23.6.4 Research Project

23.6.5 Sustainability Project

24. RESEARCH CENTERS AND INSTITUTES

24.1 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Research Organizations

24.1.1 Archaeological Research Institute

24.1.2 Cultural Heritage Research Center

24.1.3 Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center

24.2 Gastronomy and Food & Beverage Research Organizations

24.2.1 Culinary Culture Research Center

24.2.2 Gastronomy Research Center

24.3 Institutes

24.3.1 Graduate School / Graduate Institute

24.3.2 Policy Research Institute / Think Tank

24.3.3 Research Institute

24.3.4 Technology and Innovation Institute

24.4 Interdisciplinary Research Organizations

24.4.1 Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence Research Center

24.4.2 Environment and Sustainability Research Center

24.4.3 Regional Development Research Center

24.4.4 Social Sciences Research Institute

24.5 International and Independent Research Organizations

24.5.1 International Research Consortium

24.5.2 Policy Research Organization

24.5.3 Scientific Research Network

24.5.4 Think Tank

24.6 Research Activities and Areas of Study

24.6.1 Applied Research

24.6.2 Data and Statistical Research

24.6.3 Field Research

24.6.4 Publication and Documentation Studies

24.6.5 Scientific Project Development

24.7 Research Centers

24.7.1 Regional Research Center

24.7.2 Research and Application Center

24.7.3 Thematic Research Center

24.7.4 University Research Center

24.8 Tourism Research Centers

24.8.1 Destination Research Center

24.8.2 Sustainable Tourism Research Center

24.8.3 Tourism Policy Research Center

24.8.4 Tourism Research Center

25. SETTLEMENT CENTERS

25.1 Cities

25.1.1 Capital City

25.1.2 Global City

25.1.3 Historic City

25.1.4 Metropolitan City

25.1.5 Tourism City

25.2 Districts and Urban Areas

25.2.1 Administrative District

25.2.2 Municipal District

25.2.3 Urban District

25.3 Provinces and Special Regions

25.4 Towns

25.4.1 Historic Town

25.4.2 Market Town

25.4.3 Small Town

25.4.4 Tourism Town

25.5 Villages

25.5.1 Agricultural Village

25.5.2 Coastal Village

25.5.3 Mountain Village

25.5.4 Rural Village

26. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

26.1 Equipment and Technology

26.1.1 Cleaning and Maintenance Equipment

26.1.2 Energy and Environmental Technology

26.1.3 Entertainment and Experience Technology

26.1.4 Food Service Equipment

26.1.5 Guest Service Technology

26.1.6 Information and Communication Technology

26.1.7 Safety and Security Technology

26.1.8 Smart Technologies

26.1.9 Transportation Systems

26.2 Hospitality Equipment and Technology

26.2.1 Building Systems

26.2.2 Food and Beverage Equipment

26.2.3 Front Office Equipment

26.2.4 Guest Room Equipment

26.2.5 Guest Safety and Security

26.2.6 Hospitality Robotics and Smart Devices

26.2.7 Housekeeping and Laundry Equipment

26.2.8 Wellness Equipment

26.3 Tourism Equipment and Technology

26.3.1 Adventure and Outdoor Equipment

26.3.2 Attraction Equipment and Technology

26.3.3 Destination Infrastructure

26.3.4 Event and Convention Technology

26.3.5 Smart Tourism Technologies

26.3.6 Sustainable Tourism Technologies

26.3.7 Transportation Equipment

26.3.8 Visitor Information and Interpretation

27. TOURISM INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS

27.1 Aviation Organizations

27.2 Cruise Industry Organizations

27.3 Cultural Heritage, Museums and Archaeology Organizations

27.4 Destination Management and Marketing Organizations

27.5 Food, Culinary and Gastronomy Organizations

27.6 Global Tourism Organizations

27.7 Hospitality Organizations

27.8 Marinas and Yachting Organizations

27.9 Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE)

27.10 Mobility Organizations

27.11 Nature Conservation and Ecotourism Organizations

27.12 Rail and Road Transport Organizations

27.13 Recreation and Leisure Organizations

27.14 Sustainable Tourism Organizations

27.15 Tourism Education and Academic Organizations

27.16 Tourist Guide Organizations

27.17 Travel Agencies and Tour Operators

28. TOURISM RECOGNITION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS

28.1 Awards

28.2 Certifications

28.3 Indexes

29. TOURISM TYPES AND FORMS

29.1 Accommodation-Based Tourism

29.2 Adventure Tourism

29.2.1 Diving Tourism

29.2.2 Hard Adventure Tourism

29.2.3 Mountaineering Tourism

29.2.4 Rafting Tourism

29.2.5 Soft Adventure Tourism

29.2.6 Trekking Tourism

29.3 Business, Meetings and Events Tourism

29.3.1 Bleisure Tourism

29.3.2 Business Tourism

29.3.3 MICE Tourism

29.3.4 Religious Event Tourism

29.4 Cultural Tourism

29.4.1 Archaeological Tourism

29.4.2 Gastronomy Tourism

29.4.3 Heritage Tourism

29.4.4 Indigenous Tourism

29.4.5 Literary Tourism

29.4.6 Museum Tourism

29.5 Dark, Memory, and Conflict Tourism

29.5.1 Battlefield Tourism

29.5.2 Dark Tourism

29.5.3 Holocaust Tourism

29.5.4 Memorial Tourism

29.6 Economy-Based Tourism

29.6.1 Casino Tourism

29.6.2 Gambling Tourism

29.6.3 Outlet Tourism

29.6.4 Tax-free Tourism

29.7 Educational and Scientific Tourism

29.7.1 Academic Tourism

29.7.2 Educational Tourism

29.7.3 Scientific Tourism

29.7.4 Study Abroad Tourism

29.8 Emerging Tourism Forms

29.8.1 Astrotourism

29.8.2 Creative Tourism

29.8.3 Emerging Tourism Forms

29.8.3.1 Slow Tourism

29.8.4 Regenerative Tourism

29.8.5 Slow Tourism

29.8.6 Space Tourism

29.8.7 Volunteer Tourism

29.9 Emerging Tourism Types

29.9.1 Calm Tourism

29.9.2 Coolcation

29.9.3 Detour Destinations

29.9.4 Digital Nomad Tourism

29.9.5 Gig Tripping

29.9.6 Noctourism (Nocturnal Tourism):

29.9.7 Remote Work Tourism

29.9.8 Sleep Tourism

29.9.9 Staycation

29.9.10 Wellness Lifestyle Tourism

29.9.11 Workation Tourism

29.10 Gastronomy and Food Tourism

29.10.1 Beer Tourism

29.10.2 Coffee Tourism

29.10.3 Culinary Tourism

29.10.4 Food Heritage Tourism

29.10.5 Wine Tourism

29.11 General Tourism Forms

29.11.1 Domestic Tourism

29.11.2 Inbound Tourism

29.11.3 Internal Tourism

29.11.4 International Tourism

29.11.5 Local Tourism

29.11.6 National Tourism

29.11.7 Outbound Tourism

29.11.8 Regional Tourism

29.12 Health, Wellness, and Medical Tourism

29.12.1 Medical Tourism

29.12.2 Rehabilitation Tourism

29.12.3 Spa Tourism

29.12.4 Thermal Tourism

29.12.5 Wellness Tourism

29.13 Leisure and Recreation Tourism

29.13.1 Entertainment Tourism

29.13.2 Holiday Tourism

29.13.3 Leisure Tourism

29.13.4 Recreation Tourism

29.13.5 Resort Tourism

29.14 Luxury and Premium Tourism

29.14.1 Boutique Tourism

29.14.2 Exclusive Tourism

29.14.3 Luxury Tourism

29.14.4 VIP Tourism

29.15 Marine and Water Tourism

29.15.1 Coastal Tourism

29.15.2 Cruise Tourism

29.15.3 Marina Tourism

29.15.4 Marine Tourism

29.15.5 Water Tourism

29.15.6 Yacht Tourism

29.16 Nature-Based Tourism

29.16.1 Ecotourism

29.16.2 Geotourism

29.16.3 Mountain Tourism

29.16.4 Rural Tourism

29.16.5 Wildlife Tourism

29.17 Religious and Spiritual Tourism

29.17.1 Faith Tourism

29.17.2 Pilgrimage Tourism

29.17.3 Sacred Site Tourism

29.17.4 Spiritual Tourism

29.18 Rural and Agricultural Tourism

29.18.1 Agritourism

29.18.2 Farm Tourism

29.18.3 Rural Tourism

29.18.4 Village Tourism

29.19 Seasonal and Geographic Tourism

29.19.1 Antarctic Tourism

29.19.2 Arctic Tourism

29.19.3 Autumn Tourism

29.19.4 Border Tourism

29.19.5 Cross-border Tourism

29.19.6 Four-season Tourism

29.19.7 Highland Tourism

29.19.8 Island Tourism

29.19.9 Polar Tourism

29.19.10 Spring Tourism

29.19.11 Summer Tourism

29.19.12 Winter Tourism

29.20 Social, Inclusive and Demographic Tourism

29.20.1 Accessible Tourism

29.20.2 Children's Tourism

29.20.3 Family Tourism

29.20.4 Inclusive Tourism

29.20.5 Intergenerational Tourism

29.20.6 LGBTQ+ Tourism

29.20.7 Senior Tourism

29.20.8 Social Tourism

29.20.9 Solo Tourism

29.20.10 Women's Tourism

29.20.11 Youth Tourism

29.21 Sports Tourism

29.21.1 Active Sports Tourism

29.21.2 Event Sports Tourism

29.21.3 Football Tourism

29.21.4 Golf Tourism

29.21.5 Winter Sports Tourism

29.22 Technology-Based Tourism

29.22.1 AI-assisted Tourism

29.22.2 Digital Tourism

29.22.3 E-tourism

29.22.4 Metaverse Tourism

29.22.5 Robot Tourism

29.22.6 Smart Tourism

29.22.7 Virtual Tourism

29.23 Transportation-Based Tourism

29.23.1 Aviation Tourism

29.23.2 Bicycle Tourism

29.23.3 Caravan Tourism

29.23.4 Cruise Tourism

29.23.5 Hot Air Balloons

29.23.6 Rail Tourism

29.23.7 Road Tourism

29.24 Urban Tourism

29.24.1 City Tourism

29.24.2 Creative City Tourism

29.24.3 Metropolitan Tourism

29.24.4 Shopping Tourism

30. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT TERMINALS AND PASSENGER CARRIERS

30.1 Air Transportation

30.1.1 Air Transportation Infrastructure

30.1.1.1 Airport

30.1.1.2 Domestic Airport

30.1.1.3 General Aviation Airport

30.1.1.4 Hub Airport

30.1.1.5 International Airport

30.1.1.6 Low-Cost Airport

30.1.1.7 Regional Airport

30.1.1.8 Seaplane Terminal

30.1.2 Airlines

30.1.2.1 Airline Business Models

30.1.2.2 Airline Market Segments

30.1.2.3 Airline Operating and Network Model

30.1.2.4 Airline Ownership

30.1.2.5 Emerging Airlines

30.1.2.6 Special-Purpose Airlines

30.1.3 Helicopter Operators

30.2 Bus and Coach Transport

30.2.1 Bus and Coach Vehicles

30.2.1.1 By Passenger Capacity

30.2.1.2 By Primary Use

30.2.1.3 By Propulsion and Technology

30.2.1.4 By Vehicle Design

30.2.1.5 Manufacturers, Brands, and Models

30.2.2 Coach Companies

30.2.2.1 By Geographic Scope

30.2.2.2 By Operating Model

30.2.2.3 By Ownership and Business Model

30.2.2.4 By Primary Service

30.2.2.5 By Sustainability and Technology

30.2.2.6 By Target Market

30.2.2.7 Fleet Capacity

30.2.3 Road Transportation Infrastructure

30.2.3.1 Bus Terminal

30.2.3.2 Coach Terminal

30.2.3.3 Highway Service Terminal

30.2.3.4 Intercity Bus Station

30.2.3.5 Multimodal Bus Terminal

30.2.3.6 Transit Center

30.3 Maritime and Waterway Transportation

30.3.1 Cruise Lines

30.3.1.1 Business and Institutional Cruises

30.3.1.2 Cruise Destinations

30.3.1.3 Cruise Itinerary and Duration

30.3.1.3.1 Duration

30.3.1.3.2 Itinerary

30.3.1.4 Cruise Market Segments

30.3.1.5 Cruise Themes and Experiences

30.3.1.6 Cruise Vessel Types

30.3.1.7 Emerging and Sustainable Cruise Types

30.3.1.8 Passenger-Oriented Cruises

30.3.1.9 Special-Interest Cruises

30.3.2 Ferry Companies

30.3.3 Passenger Shipping Companies

30.3.4 Ports and Terminals

30.3.4.1 Commercial Port

30.3.4.2 Cruise Port / Cruise Terminal

30.3.4.3 Dry Port

30.3.4.4 Ferry Terminal

30.3.4.5 Fishing Port

30.3.4.6 Inland Port

30.3.4.7 Marina

30.3.4.8 Passenger Port

30.3.4.9 Port

30.3.4.10 Seaport

30.3.5 Water Taxi Operators

30.3.6 Yacht Charter Companies

30.4 Rail Transport

30.4.1 Railway Companies

30.4.1.1 High-speed Railway Companies

30.4.1.2 Intercity and Regional Railway Companies

30.4.1.3 National Passenger Railway Companies

30.4.1.4 Tourism and Leisure Railway Companies

30.4.2 Railway Transportation Infrastructure

30.4.2.1 Central Railway Station

30.4.2.2 High-Speed Rail Station

30.4.2.3 Intermodal Rail Terminal

30.4.2.4 Metro Station

30.4.2.5 Railway Station

30.4.2.6 Tourist Railway Terminal

30.4.3 Train Types

30.4.3.1 High-speed Trains

30.4.3.2 Intercity Trains

30.4.3.3 Tourism and Heritage Trains

30.5 Smart and Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

30.5.1 Green Terminal

30.5.2 Smart Airport

30.5.3 Smart Port

30.5.4 Sustainable Mobility Hub

30.6 Transportation Vehicles

30.6.1 Aircraft

30.6.2 Buses and Coaches

30.6.3 Cruise Ships

30.6.4 Trains

30.6.5 Yachts

30.7 Urban Rail and Cable Transport

30.7.1 APM (Automated People Mover)

30.7.2 Cable Car

30.7.3 Funicular

30.7.4 LRT (Light Rail Transit)

30.7.5 Metro

30.7.6 Monorail

30.7.7 Subway

30.8 Vehicle Rental and Sharing

30.8.1 Car Rental

30.8.2 Car-sharing

30.8.3 Peer-to-peer Car-sharing

30.8.4 Vehicle Sharing

31. TRAVEL DISTRIBUTION AND INTERMEDIARIES

31.1 Airline Reservation Systems

31.2 Cruise Booking Platforms

31.3 Destination Reservation Platforms

31.4 Online Travel Agencies (OTAs)

31.5 Rail Booking Platforms

31.6 Reservation and Distribution Systems

31.7 Restaurant Reservation Platforms

31.8 Tour and Activity Platforms

31.9 Tour Operators

31.9.1 Customer-Oriented Tour Operators

31.9.2 Emerging Tour Operators

31.9.3 Specialized Tour Operators

31.9.3.1 Business and Professional Travel

31.9.3.2 Culture and Heritage

31.9.3.3 Gastronomy and Rural Tourism

31.9.3.4 Marine and Cruise

31.9.3.5 Nature and Adventure

31.9.3.6 Sports and Recreation

31.9.4 Tour Operator Distribution Models

31.9.5 Tour Operator Market Orientation

31.9.6 Tour Operator Product Models

31.10 Transportation Booking Platforms

31.11 Travel Agencies

31.12 Vacation Rental Platforms

32. TRAVEL INFORMATION AND REVIEW PLATFORMS

32.1 Accommodation Review Platforms

32.2 Airline Review Platforms

32.3 Cruise Review Platforms

32.4 Destination Review Platforms

32.5 Hostel Review Platforms

32.6 Restaurant Review Platforms

32.7 Travel Metasearch Platforms

32.8 Travel Planning and Discovery Platforms

32.9 Travel Review Platforms

33. VISITOR CENTERS

33.1 Interpretation and Experience Spaces

33.1.1 Digital Experience Center

33.1.2 Experience Center

33.1.3 Interactive Promotion Center

33.1.4 Interpretation Center

33.2 Sustainability and Visitor Management

33.2.1 Accessible Visitor Center

33.2.2 Carrying Capacity Management

33.2.3 Sustainable Visitor Experience

33.2.4 Visitor Management

33.3 Thematic Visitor Centers

33.3.1 Archaeological Site Visitor Center

33.3.2 Cultural Heritage Visitor Center

33.3.3 Museum Visitor Center

33.3.4 National Park Visitor Center

33.3.5 Nature Visitor Center

33.4 Visitor Information and Reception Centers

33.4.1 Destination Visitor Center

33.4.2 Tourism Information Office

33.4.3 Tourist Information Center

33.4.4 Visitor Reception Center

33.5 Visitor Services

33.5.1 Destination Information Services

33.5.2 Digital Information Systems

33.5.3 Guiding Services

33.5.4 Mapping and Navigation Services

33.5.5 Reservation and Ticketing Services

34. WORKING LIFE AND LABOUR STUDIES

34.1 Employment and Labour Market

34.1.1 Employment

34.1.2 Informal Employment

34.1.3 Labour Market

34.1.4 Migrant Labour

34.1.5 Seasonal Employment

34.2 Industrial Relations

34.2.1 Collective Agreement

34.2.2 Collective Bargaining

34.2.3 Employer Associations

34.2.4 Industrial Relations

34.2.5 Labour Relations

34.3 Labour Rights and Social Policy

34.3.1 Job Security

34.3.2 Occupational Health and Safety

34.3.3 Right to Work

34.3.4 Social Security

34.3.5 Workers’ Rights

34.4 Labour Struggles and Rights Claims

34.4.1 Labour Movements

34.4.2 Lockout

34.4.3 Protest Movements

34.4.4 Stoppage

34.4.5 Strike

34.4.6 Work Stoppage

34.5 Professional Representation Structures

34.5.1 Confederations

34.5.2 Federations

34.5.3 Workers’ Associations

34.6 Trade Unions

34.6.1 Employers’ Union

34.6.2 Professional Associations

34.6.3 Trade Unions / Labor Unions

34.6.4 Workers’ Unions

34.7 Working Life in Tourism

34.7.1 Employment in Hospitality Establishments

34.7.2 Seasonal Employment in Tourism

34.7.3 Tourism Labour Force

34.7.4 Unionization in Tourism

34.7.5 Working Conditions in the Service Industry