Entries Awaiting Contribution
Phoenician Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Phoenician civilization.
Persian Imperial Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the historical Persian empires.
Assyrian Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Assyrian civilization.
Babylonian Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Babylonian civilization.
Sumerian Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Sumerian civilization.
Hittite Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Hittite civilization.
Seljuk Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Seljuk Empire.
Ottoman Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Ottoman Empire.
Byzantine Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the Byzantine Empire.
Ancient Roman Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of Ancient Rome.
Ancient Greek Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of Ancient Greece.
Ancient Egyptian Cuisine
The general term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of Ancient Egypt.
Oceanian Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries and islands of Oceania.
South American Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of South America.
Caribbean Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries and islands of the Caribbean.
North American Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of North America.
African Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries and regions of Africa.
Southeast Asian Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of Southeast Asia.
East Asian Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of East Asia.
South Asian Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of South Asia.
Central Asian Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of Central Asia.
Caucasian Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries and peoples of the Caucasus.
Middle Eastern Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of the Middle East.
European Cuisines
The collective term for the food preparation, cooking, serving, and dining traditions characteristic of the countries of Europe.
Travels through France and Italy
Tobias Smollett's travel narrative offering a critical and observational perspective on the Grand Tour experience.
Italian Journey
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's account of his travels in Italy, widely regarded as one of the classic literary representations of the Grand Tour and its cultural and personal transformative dimensions.
The Voyage of Italy
A pioneering travel work by Richard Lassels that played a fundamental role in shaping the concept and educational ideals of the Grand Tour.
Thomas Gray
An English poet whose European travels and cultural observations reflect the Grand Tour's close relationship with literature, aesthetics, and classical education.
Horace Walpole
An English writer, art collector, and patron whose European travels, architectural interests, and collecting activities embody the aristocratic cultural ideals associated with the Grand Tour.
James Boswell
A Scottish biographer and diarist whose travel journals illustrate the Grand Tour as a vehicle for personal experience, cultural observation, and intellectual learning.
Tobias Smollett
A Scottish novelist and travel writer whose Travels through France and Italy transformed the Grand Tour experience into a critical and observational form of travel literature.
Edward Gibbon
An English historian whose studies of ancient Rome reflected the Grand Tour's enduring interest in classical history and civilization.
Lord Byron
An English Romantic poet whose European travels and literary works exemplify the relationship between the Grand Tour and the travel culture of the Romantic period.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
A German writer whose Italian Journey represents one of the most influential literary accounts of the Grand Tour, emphasizing its cultural, artistic, and transformative dimensions.
Joseph Addison
An English essayist whose writings on his travels in Italy strengthened the association of the Grand Tour with classical culture, art, and the study of ancient civilizations.
John Locke
An English philosopher whose educational theories provided the intellectual foundation for the Grand Tour as a means of cultivating the personal development, manners, and practical knowledge of young aristocrats.
Richard Lassels
An English travel writer best known for one of the earliest uses of the term Grand Tour. His work The Voyage of Italy played a pivotal role in popularizing Italy-centered cultural travel as an essential component of aristocratic education.
Expo 2023 Doha (Expo 2023 Doha Qatar – Green Desert, Better Environment)
A specialized exposition held in Doha, Qatar, in 2023–2024.
Expo 2017 Astana (Expo 2017 Astana – Future Energy)
A specialized exposition held in Astana, Kazakhstan, in 2017.
Expo 2012 Yeosu (Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea – The Living Ocean and Coast)
A specialized exposition held in Yeosu, South Korea, in 2012.
Expo 2008 Zaragoza (Expo Zaragoza 2008 – Water and Sustainable Development)
A specialized exposition held in Zaragoza, Spain, in 2008.
Expo '98 Lisbon (Expo '98 Lisboa – The Oceans, a Heritage for the Future)
A specialized exposition held in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1998.
Expo '93 Daejeon (Daejeon Expo '93)
A specialized exposition held in Daejeon, South Korea, in 1993.
Expo '88 Brisbane (World Expo 88)
A specialized exposition held in Brisbane, Australia, in 1988.
Expo '85 Tsukuba (International Exposition, Tsukuba, Japan, 1985)
A specialized exposition held in Tsukuba, Japan, in 1985.
Stockholm Exhibition of 1936 (Stockholmsutställningen 1936)
A specialized exposition held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1936.
Expo 2030 Riyadh (Expo 2030 Riyadh)
A world exposition scheduled to be held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2030.
Expo 2020 Dubai (Expo 2020 Dubai – Connecting Minds, Creating the Future)
A world exposition held in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, in 2021–2022 after being postponed from 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Expo 2025 Osaka (Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan – Designing Future Society for Our Lives)
A world exposition held in Osaka, Japan, in 2025.
Expo 2015 (Expo Milano 2015 – Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life)
A world exposition held in Milan, Italy, in 2015.
Expo 2010 (Expo 2010 Shanghai China)
A world exposition held in Shanghai, China, in 2010.
Expo 2005 (Expo 2005 Aichi – Nature's Wisdom)
A world exposition held in Aichi, Japan, in 2005.
Expo 2000 (World Exposition Expo 2000 Hannover)
A world exposition held in Hannover, Germany, in 2000.
Expo '92 (Universal Exposition of Seville 1992)
A world exposition held in Seville, Spain, in 1992.
Expo '70 (Japan World Exposition Osaka 1970)
A world exposition held in Osaka, Japan, in 1970.
Expo 67 (Expo 67 – Man and His World)
A world exposition held in Montreal, Canada, in 1967.
Century 21 Exposition (Century 21 Exposition)
A world exposition held in Seattle, Washington, the United States, in 1962.
Expo 58 (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles 1958)
A world exposition held in Brussels, Belgium, in 1958.
Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques appliqués à la Vie Moderne)
A world exposition held in Paris, France, in 1937.
Brussels International Exposition of 1935 (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles 1935)
A world exposition held in Brussels, Belgium, in 1935.
A Century of Progress International Exposition (A Century of Progress International Exposition)
A world exposition held in Chicago, the United States, in 1933–1934.
Barcelona International Exposition (Exposición Internacional de Barcelona)
A world exposition held in Barcelona, Spain, in 1929.
Panama-Pacific International Exposition (Panama-Pacific International Exposition)
A world exposition held in San Francisco, California, the United States, in 1915.
Ghent International Exposition (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Gand)
A world exposition held in Ghent, Belgium, in 1913.
Brussels Universal Exposition (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles)
A world exposition held in Brussels, Belgium, in 1910.
Milan International Exposition (Esposizione Internazionale del Sempione)
A world exposition held in Milan, Italy, in 1906.
Liège International Exposition (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Liège)
A world exposition held in Liège, Belgium, in 1905.
Louisiana Purchase Exposition (Louisiana Purchase Exposition)
A world exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, the United States, in 1904.
Exposition Universelle of 1900 (Exposition Universelle de 1900)
A world exposition held in Paris, France, in 1900.
Brussels International Exposition (Exposition Internationale de Bruxelles 1897)
A world exposition held in Brussels, Belgium, in 1897.
World's Columbian Exposition (World's Columbian Exposition)
A world exposition held in Chicago, the United States, in 1893.
Exposition Universelle of 1889 (Exposition Universelle de 1889)
A world exposition held in Paris, France, in 1889, best known for the inauguration of the Eiffel Tower.
Barcelona Universal Exposition (Exposición Universal de Barcelona)
A world exposition held in Barcelona, Spain, in 1888.
Melbourne International Exhibition (Melbourne International Exhibition)
A world exposition held in Melbourne, Australia, in 1880.
Exposition Universelle of 1878 (Exposition Universelle de 1878)
A world exposition held in Paris, France, in 1878.
Centennial Exposition (International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine)
A world exposition held in Philadelphia, the United States, in 1876.
Vienna World's Fair (Weltausstellung 1873 Wien)
A world exposition held in Vienna, Austria, in 1873.
Exposition Universelle of 1867 (Exposition Universelle de 1867)
A world exposition held in Paris, France, in 1867.
International Exhibition of 1862 (London International Exhibition on Industry and Art)
A world exposition held in London, the United Kingdom, in 1862.
Exposition Universelle of 1855 (Exposition Universelle des Produits de l'Agriculture, de l'Industrie et des Beaux-Arts)
A world exposition held in Paris, France, in 1855.
Great Exhibition (The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations)
A world exposition held in London, the United Kingdom, in 1851.
Guru Nanak Dev Ji Trail
A pilgrimage cultural route connecting places associated with Guru Nanak across India and Pakistan.
Sufi Circuit
A cultural route connecting important Sufi heritage sites across India.
Ramayana Circuit
A cultural route connecting places associated with the Ramayana epic across India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
Buddhist Circuit
A pilgrimage cultural route connecting the principal Buddhist sacred sites in India and Nepal.
Shikoku Pilgrimage Route
A pilgrimage cultural route connecting the 88 Buddhist temples on Shikoku Island, Japan.
Tōkaidō Road
A historical cultural route extending from Kyoto to Edo (Tokyo), Japan.
Nakasendō
A historical cultural route connecting Kyoto and Edo (Tokyo) through central Japan.
Kumano Kodo
A pilgrimage cultural route connecting the sacred Kumano shrines on the Kii Peninsula, Japan.
Grand Canal Cultural Route
A cultural route following China's Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou.
Tea Horse Road
A historical cultural route extending from Yunnan Province, China, to Tibet and South Asia.
Singing Heritage Route
A European cultural route connecting places associated with Europe's vocal and choral heritage.
European Paganini Route
A European cultural route connecting places associated with the life and musical legacy of Niccolò Paganini across Europe.
Women Writers Route
A European cultural route connecting places associated with influential women writers across Europe.
European Fairy Tale Route
A European cultural route connecting places associated with Europe's fairy tale traditions.
Historic Cafés Route
A European cultural route connecting historic cafés of cultural significance across Europe.
Iron Age Danube Route
A European cultural route connecting Iron Age archaeological sites along the Danube region.
European Route d'Artagnan
A European cultural route following the historical legacy of d'Artagnan across Europe.