Categories

Categories

1. ACCOMMODATION AND HOSPITALITY ESTABLISHMENTS

1.1 Alternative Accommodation

1.1.1 Aparthotel

1.1.2 Bed & Breakfast (B&B)

1.1.3 Bungalow

1.1.4 Cabin Accommodation

1.1.5 Camping and Caravanning

1.1.6 Condo Hotel

1.1.7 Farm Stay

1.1.8 Guesthouse

1.1.9 Home Sharing

1.1.10 Homestay

1.1.11 Hostel

1.1.12 Pension

1.1.13 Serviced Apartment

1.1.14 Tiny House Accommodation

1.1.15 Vacation Rental

1.1.15.1 Airbnb

1.2 Health and Wellness Accommodation

1.2.1 Health Retreat

1.2.2 Medical Resort

1.2.3 Medical Spa

1.2.4 Thermal Spa Facility

1.2.5 Wellness Hotel

1.2.6 Wellness Retreat

1.3 Historic and Heritage Accommodation

1.3.1 Caravanserai Hotel

1.3.2 Castle Hotel

1.3.3 Cave Hotel

1.3.4 Converted Historic Building

1.3.5 Heritage Hotel

1.3.6 Historic Inn

1.3.7 Historic Mansion Hotel

1.3.8 Monastery Hotel

1.3.9 Palace Hotel

1.3.10 Railway Hotel

1.4 Holiday and Leisure Accommodation

1.4.1 Holiday Village

1.4.2 Integrated Resort

1.4.3 Resort

1.4.4 Vacation Resort

1.4.5 Waterpark Resort

1.5 Hotels

1.5.1 Emerging and Technology-Based Hotels

1.5.1.1 AI-Enabled Hotel

1.5.1.2 Contactless Hotel

1.5.1.3 Digital Hotel

1.5.1.4 Hybrid Hotel

1.5.1.5 Mixed-Use Hotel

1.5.1.6 Robot Hotel

1.5.1.7 Smart Hotel

1.5.2 Hotel Industry and Classification

1.5.2.1 Hotel

1.5.2.2 Hotel Brand

1.5.2.3 Hotel Chain

1.5.2.4 Hotel Classification

1.5.2.5 Hotel Management Company

1.5.2.6 Hotel Ownership

1.5.2.7 Hotel Rating System

1.5.3 Hotels by Board and Pricing Plan

1.5.3.1 All-Inclusive Hotel

1.5.3.2 Bed and Breakfast Hotel

1.5.3.3 Full-Board Hotel

1.5.3.4 Half-Board Hotel

1.5.3.5 Room-Only Hotel

1.5.4 Hotels by Location and Setting

1.5.4.1 Airport Hotel

1.5.4.2 Beach Hotel

1.5.4.3 City Hotel

1.5.4.4 Downtown Hotel

1.5.4.5 Highway Hotel

1.5.4.6 Island Hotel

1.5.4.7 Lakeside Hotel

1.5.4.8 Mountain Hotel

1.5.4.9 Rural Hotel

1.5.4.10 Suburban Hotel

1.5.4.11 Urban Hotel

1.5.4.12 Waterfront Hotel

1.5.5 Hotels by Ownership and Management

1.5.5.1 Branded Hotel

1.5.5.2 Chain-Affiliated Hotel

1.5.5.3 Franchise Hotel

1.5.5.4 Independent Hotel

1.5.5.5 Managed Hotel

1.5.5.6 Owner-Operated Hotel

1.5.6 Hotels by Purpose and Function

1.5.6.1 Business Hotel

1.5.6.2 Casino Hotel

1.5.6.3 Conference Hotel

1.5.6.4 Convention Hotel

1.5.6.5 Resort Hotel

1.5.6.6 Sports Hotel

1.5.6.7 Transit Hotel

1.5.6.8 Transit Hotel

1.5.6.9 Waterpark Hotel

1.5.7 Hotels by Service Level

1.5.7.1 Budget Hotel

1.5.7.2 Economy Hotel

1.5.7.3 Luxury Hotel

1.5.7.4 Midscale Hotel

1.5.7.5 Upper-Midscale Hotel

1.5.7.6 Upper-Upscale Hotel

1.5.7.7 Upscale Hotel

1.5.8 Hotels by Service Model

1.5.8.1 All-Suite Hotel

1.5.8.2 Extended-Stay Hotel

1.5.8.3 Full-Service Hotel

1.5.8.4 Limited-Service Hotel

1.5.8.5 Select-Service Hotel

1.5.8.6 Serviced Apartment Hotel

1.5.9 Hotels by Target Market

1.5.9.1 Adults-Only Hotel

1.5.9.2 Child-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.3 Family Hotel

1.5.9.4 LGBTQ+-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.5 Pet-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.6 Senior-Friendly Hotel

1.5.9.7 Women-Only Hotel

1.5.10 Hotels by Theme, Design, and Experience

1.5.10.1 Art Hotel

1.5.10.2 Boutique Hotel

1.5.10.3 Design Hotel

1.5.10.4 Ice Hotel

1.5.10.5 Lifestyle Hotel

1.5.10.6 Love Hotel

1.5.10.7 Microhotel

1.5.10.8 Themed Hotel

1.5.10.9 Treehouse Hotel

1.5.10.10 Underwater Hotel

1.5.11 Lodges

1.5.11.1 Eco-Lodge

1.5.11.2 Fishing Lodge

1.5.11.3 Hunting Lodge

1.5.11.4 Mountain Lodge

1.5.11.5 Safari Lodge

1.5.11.6 Ski Lodge

1.5.11.7 Wilderness Lodge

1.5.12 Sustainable Hotels

1.5.12.1 Carbon-Neutral Hotel

1.5.12.2 Eco Hotel

1.5.12.3 Green Hotel

1.5.12.4 Net-Zero Hotel

1.5.12.5 Passive House Hotel

1.5.12.6 Regenerative Hotel

1.5.12.7 Zero-Energy Hotel

1.5.13 Types of Resort Hotels

1.5.13.1 Resort Hotels by Entertainment Focus

1.5.13.2 Resort Hotels by Facilities and Infrastructure

1.5.13.3 Resort Hotels by Health and Wellness Focus

1.5.13.4 Resort Hotels by Natural Setting

1.5.13.5 Resort Hotels by Sport and Recreation

1.5.14 Unconventional Hotels

1.5.14.1 Capsule Hotel

1.5.14.2 Floating Hotel

1.5.14.3 Motel

1.5.14.4 Pod Hotel

1.5.14.5 Pop-up Hotel

1.6 Outdoor and Nature-Based Accommodation

1.6.1 Camping Site

1.6.2 Caravan Park / RV Park

1.6.3 Eco-Camp

1.6.4 Glamping

1.6.5 Tent Camp

1.6.6 Wilderness Camp

1.7 Ownership-Based Accommodation Models

1.7.1 Branded Residence

1.7.2 Condo Hotel

1.7.3 Condo Hotel Ownership

1.7.4 Deeded Timeshare

1.7.5 Destination Club

1.7.6 Exchange Company

1.7.7 Fractional Ownership

1.7.8 Fractional Vacation Ownership

1.7.9 Holiday Club

1.7.10 Private Residence Club

1.7.11 Private Villa

1.7.12 Residence Club

1.7.13 Right-to-Use Timeshare

1.7.14 Serviced Residence

1.7.15 Timeshare

1.7.16 Vacation Club

1.7.17 Vacation Exchange

1.7.18 Vacation Ownership

1.7.19 Vacation Points System

1.8 Second Homes

1.8.1 Beach House

1.8.2 Country House

1.8.3 Holiday Home

1.8.4 Home Exchange

1.8.5 Lake House

1.8.6 Vacation Home

1.8.7 Weekend House

2. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS

2.1 Beverage Raw Materials

2.1.1 Cocoa

2.1.2 Coffee

2.1.3 Herbal Infusions

2.1.4 Tea

2.2 Cereals and Grains

2.2.1 Barley

2.2.2 Corn / Maize

2.2.3 Oats

2.2.4 Rice

2.2.5 Wheat

2.3 Fisheries and Aquatic Products

2.3.1 Aquaculture Products

2.3.2 Freshwater Fish

2.3.3 Seafood

2.3.4 Shellfish

2.4 Forest and Wild Harvest Products

2.4.1 Edible Herbs

2.4.2 Forest Fruits

2.4.3 Wild Edible Plants

2.4.4 Wild Mushrooms

2.5 Fruits and Fruit Products

2.5.1 Citrus Fruits

2.5.2 Dried Fruits

2.5.3 Fresh Fruits

2.5.4 Processed Fruits

2.5.5 Tropical Fruits

2.6 Geographical Indications and Origin-Based Products

2.6.1 Geographical Indication Products

2.6.2 Heritage Crops

2.6.3 Indigenous Agricultural Products

2.6.4 Traditional Food Resources

2.7 Honey and Natural Sweeteners

2.7.1 Bee Products

2.7.2 Honey

2.7.3 Natural Syrups

2.8 Legumes

2.8.1 Beans

2.8.2 Chickpeas

2.8.3 Lentils

2.8.4 Peas

2.9 Oil Crops and Edible Oils

2.9.1 Oilseed Crops

2.9.2 Olive Oil

2.9.3 Seed Oils

2.9.4 Vegetable Oils

2.10 Processed Agricultural Products

2.10.1 Fermented Products

2.10.2 Preserved Produce

2.10.3 Processed Food Ingredients

2.11 Sustainable and Organic Food Resources

2.11.1 Organic Agricultural Products

2.11.2 Regenerative Agricultural Products

2.11.3 Sustainable Food Crops

2.12 Vegetables and Plant Products

2.12.1 Fresh Vegetables

2.12.2 Leafy Greens

2.12.3 Processed Vegetables

2.12.4 Root Vegetables

3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND EXCAVATION

3.1 Archaeological Conservation and Heritage Management

3.1.1 Archaeological Heritage Management

3.1.2 Archaeological Site Management

3.1.3 Conservation and Restoration

3.2 Archaeological Documentation and Surveying

3.2.1 3D Documentation

3.2.2 Architectural Survey / Measured Drawing

3.2.3 Digital Mapping

3.2.4 Photogrammetry

3.3 Archaeological Excavation Projects

3.3.1 Historical Archaeological Excavation Projects

3.3.2 International Archaeological Excavations

3.3.3 Long-Term Archaeological Excavations

3.3.4 National Archaeological Excavations

3.3.5 Ongoing Archaeological Excavations

3.4 Archaeometry

3.4.1 Archaeological Dating Methods

3.4.2 Archaeological Materials Analysis

3.4.3 Archaeological Provenance and Sourcing Analysis

3.4.4 Archaeometallurgy

3.4.5 Biomolecular Analysis

3.4.6 Isotope Analysis

3.4.7 Organic Residue Analysis

3.4.8 Quantitative and Computational Methods

3.5 Conservation and Rescue Excavation

3.5.1 Conservation Excavation

3.5.2 Emergency Excavation

3.5.3 Rescue Excavation / Salvage Excavation

3.6 Excavations by Archaeological Context

3.6.1 Necropolis Excavation

3.6.2 Settlement Excavation

3.6.3 Temple / Sanctuary Excavation

3.6.4 Urban Archaeology Excavation

3.7 Excavations by Environment

3.7.1 Cave Excavation

3.7.2 Terrestrial Excavation

3.7.3 Underwater Archaeological Excavation

3.7.4 Wetland Archaeological Excavation

3.8 Remote Sensing and Geophysical Research

3.8.1 Drone-Assisted Survey

3.8.2 Geophysical Survey

3.8.3 LiDAR Research

3.8.4 Remote Sensing

3.9 Systematic Surface Survey

3.9.1 Archaeological Survey

3.9.2 Regional Survey

3.9.3 Systematic Field Survey

3.10 Technical and Development-Led Excavation

3.10.1 Infrastructure Excavation

3.10.2 Sampling Excavation

3.10.3 Trial Trench / Test Excavation

3.10.4 Underwater Archaeology Excavation

4. COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES

4.1 Abkhazia

4.2 Afghanistan

4.3 Albania

4.4 Algeria

4.5 Andorra

4.6 Angola

4.7 Antigua and Barbuda

4.8 Argentina

4.9 Armenia

4.10 Australia

4.10.1 Ashmore and Cartier Islands

4.10.2 Christmas Island

4.10.3 Coral Sea Islands

4.10.4 Heard Island and McDonald Islands

4.10.5 Norfolk Island

4.11 Austria

4.12 Azerbaijan

4.12.1 Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

4.13 Bahamas

4.14 Bahrain

4.15 Bangladesh

4.16 Barbados

4.17 Belarus

4.18 Belgium

4.19 Belize

4.20 Benin

4.21 Bhutan

4.22 Bolivia

4.23 Bosnia and Herzegovina

4.23.1 Brčko District

4.24 Botswana

4.25 Brazil

4.26 Brunei Darussalam

4.27 Bulgaria

4.28 Burkina Faso

4.29 Burundi

4.30 Cabo Verde

4.31 Cambodia

4.32 Cameroon

4.33 Canada

4.34 Central African Republic

4.35 Chad

4.36 Chile

4.36.1 Easter Island (Rapa Nui)

4.36.2 Juan Fernández Islands

4.37 China

4.37.1 Hong Kong SAR

4.37.2 Macao SAR

4.37.3 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

4.38 Colombia

4.39 Comoros

4.40 Congo

4.41 Costa Rica

4.42 Côte d’Ivoire

4.43 Croatia

4.44 Cuba

4.45 Czechia

4.46 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

4.47 Democratic Republic of the Congo

4.48 Denmark

4.48.1 Faroe Islands

4.48.2 Greenland

4.49 Djibouti

4.50 Dominica

4.51 Dominican Republic

4.52 Ecuador

4.52.1 Galápagos Islands

4.53 Egypt

4.54 El Salvador

4.55 Eritrea

4.56 Estonia

4.57 Eswatini

4.58 Ethiopia

4.59 Fiji

4.60 Finland

4.60.1 Åland Islands

4.61 France

4.61.1 Clipperton Island

4.61.2 French Guiana

4.61.3 French Polynesia

4.61.4 French Southern and Antarctic Lands

4.61.5 Guadeloupe

4.61.6 Martinique

4.61.7 Mayotte

4.61.8 New Caledonia

4.61.9 Réunion

4.61.10 Saint Barthélemy

4.61.11 Saint Martin

4.61.12 Saint Pierre and Miquelon

4.61.13 Wallis and Futuna

4.62 Gabon

4.63 Gambia

4.64 Georgia

4.65 Germany

4.66 Ghana

4.67 Greece

4.67.1 Mount Athos

4.68 Grenada

4.69 Guatemala

4.70 Guinea

4.71 Guinea-Bissau

4.72 Guyana

4.73 Haiti

4.74 Holy See

4.75 Honduras

4.76 Hungary

4.77 Iceland

4.78 India

4.79 Indonesia

4.80 Iran

4.81 Iraq

4.81.1 Kurdistan Region

4.82 Ireland

4.83 Israel

4.84 Italy

4.85 Jamaica

4.86 Japan

4.87 Jordan

4.88 Kazakhstan

4.89 Kenya

4.90 Kiribati

4.91 Kosovo

4.92 Kuwait

4.93 Kyrgyzstan

4.94 Lao People’s Democratic Republic

4.95 Latvia

4.96 Lebanon

4.97 Lesotho

4.98 Liberia

4.99 Libya

4.100 Liechtenstein

4.101 Lithuania

4.102 Luxembourg

4.103 Madagascar

4.104 Malawi

4.105 Malaysia

4.106 Maldives

4.107 Mali

4.108 Malta

4.109 Marshall Islands

4.110 Mauritania

4.111 Mauritius

4.112 Mexico

4.113 Micronesia

4.114 Monaco

4.115 Mongolia

4.116 Montenegro

4.117 Morocco

4.118 Mozambique

4.119 Myanmar

4.120 Namibia

4.121 Nauru

4.122 Nepal

4.123 Netherlands

4.123.1 Aruba

4.123.2 Bonaire

4.123.3 Curaçao

4.123.4 Saba

4.123.5 Sint Eustatius

4.123.6 Sint Maarten

4.124 New Zealand

4.124.1 Cook Islands

4.124.2 Niue

4.124.3 Ross Dependency

4.124.4 Tokelau

4.125 Nicaragua

4.126 Niger

4.127 Nigeria

4.128 North Macedonia

4.129 Norway

4.129.1 Bouvet Island

4.129.2 Jan Mayen

4.129.3 Peter I Island

4.129.4 Queen Maud Land

4.129.5 Svalbard

4.130 Oman

4.131 Pakistan

4.132 Palau

4.133 Palestine (State of Palestine)

4.134 Panama

4.135 Papua New Guinea

4.136 Paraguay

4.137 Peru

4.138 Philippines

4.139 Poland

4.140 Portugal

4.140.1 Azores

4.140.2 Madeira

4.141 Qatar

4.142 Republic of Cyprus

4.143 Republic of Korea

4.144 Republic of Moldova

4.144.1 Gagauzia

4.145 Romania

4.146 Russian Federation

4.146.1 Kaliningrad Oblast

4.146.2 Republic of Crimea

4.147 Rwanda

4.148 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)

4.149 Saint Kitts and Nevis

4.150 Saint Lucia

4.151 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

4.152 Samoa

4.153 San Marino

4.154 São Tomé and Príncipe

4.155 Saudi Arabia

4.156 Senegal

4.157 Serbia

4.157.1 Vojvodina

4.158 Seychelles

4.159 Sierra Leone

4.160 Singapore

4.161 Slovakia

4.162 Slovenia

4.163 Solomon Islands

4.164 Somalia

4.165 Somaliland

4.166 South Africa

4.167 South Ossetia

4.168 South Sudan

4.169 Spain

4.169.1 Canary Islands

4.169.2 Ceuta

4.169.3 Melilla

4.169.4 Plazas de Soberanía

4.170 Sri Lanka

4.171 Sudan

4.172 Suriname

4.173 Sweden

4.174 Switzerland

4.175 Syrian Arab Republic

4.176 Taiwan

4.177 Tajikistan

4.178 Thailand

4.179 Timor-Leste

4.180 Togo

4.181 Tonga

4.182 Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)

4.183 Trinidad and Tobago

4.184 Tunisia

4.185 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

4.186 Türkiye

4.187 Turkmenistan

4.188 Tuvalu

4.189 Uganda

4.190 Ukraine

4.191 United Arab Emirates

4.192 United Kingdom

4.192.1 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas)

4.192.2 Anguilla

4.192.3 Bailiwick of Guernsey

4.192.4 Bailiwick of Jersey

4.192.5 Bermuda

4.192.6 British Virgin Islands

4.192.7 Cayman Islands

4.192.8 Isle of Man

4.192.9 Turks and Caicos Islands

4.193 United Republic of Tanzania

4.193.1 Zanzibar

4.194 United States of America

4.194.1 American Samoa

4.194.2 Baker Island

4.194.3 Guam

4.194.4 Howland Island

4.194.5 Jarvis Island

4.194.6 Johnston Atoll

4.194.7 Kingman Reef

4.194.8 Midway Atoll

4.194.9 Navassa Island

4.194.10 Northern Mariana Islands

4.194.11 Palmyra Atoll

4.194.12 Puerto Rico

4.194.13 U.S. Virgin Islands

4.194.14 Wake Island

4.195 Uruguay

4.196 Uzbekistan

4.197 Vanuatu

4.198 Vatican

4.199 Venezuela

4.200 Viet Nam

4.201 Yemen

4.202 Zambia

4.203 Zimbabwe

5. CULINARY ARTS AND GASTRONOMY

5.1 Culinary and Gastronomy Tourism

5.2 Culinary Arts and Gastronomy Education

5.3 Culinary Culture

5.4 Gastronomy Destinations

5.5 Restaurateurs

5.6 World Cuisines

5.6.1 Contemporary World Cuisines

5.6.2 Ethnic Cuisines

5.6.3 Historical Cuisines

5.6.4 National Cuisines

5.6.5 Regional Cuisines

6. CURRENT AND HISTORICAL TOURISM OCCUPATIONS

6.1 Accommodation and Lodging

6.1.1 Historical Accommodation Services

6.1.2 Hotels and Resorts

6.1.3 Other Accommodation Establishments

6.2 Air Passenger Transport and Airport Services

6.2.1 Airline and Airport Passenger Services

6.2.2 Airline Flight and Cabin Operations

6.2.3 Historical Air Passenger Services

6.3 Cruise, Ferry, Maritime and Yacht Tourism

6.3.1 Cruise Ship Operations

6.3.2 Ferry and Excursion-Boat Services

6.3.3 Historical Water Passenger Transport

6.3.4 Marina and Yacht Tourism

6.4 Destination Management and Visitor Information

6.4.1 Destination Management and Public Tourism Services

6.4.2 Historical Destination Promotion

6.4.3 Tourism Media and Publishing

6.5 Events, Festivals and MICE

6.5.1 Event and Meeting Management

6.5.2 Exhibitions, Festivals and Public Events

6.5.3 Historical Public Events

6.5.4 Venue and Event Production

6.6 Food and Beverage Services

6.6.1 Beverage Services

6.6.2 Catering and Banqueting

6.6.3 Culinary and Kitchen Operations

6.6.4 Historical and Classical Service

6.6.5 Restaurant Operations

6.7 Recreation, Sports, Wellness and Gaming

6.7.1 Casino and Gaming Services

6.7.2 Recreation and Outdoor Activities

6.7.3 Spa and Wellness Services

6.7.4 Sports Instruction and Support

6.8 Road and Rail Passenger Transport

6.8.1 Bus, Coach, Taxi and Chauffeur Services

6.8.2 Historical Road and Rail Services

6.8.3 Rail Passenger Services

6.9 Specialized Visitor and Travel Services

6.9.1 Accessible Travel Services

6.9.2 Educational, Youth and Religious Travel

6.9.3 Language and Interpreting Services

6.9.4 Visitor Photography

6.10 Tourism Retail, Entertainment and Nightlife

6.10.1 Historical Leisure Entertainment

6.10.2 Nightlife and Live Entertainment

6.10.3 Tourism and Attraction Retail

6.11 Tourist Guiding and Interpretation

6.11.1 General Tourist Guiding

6.11.2 Historical Guiding

6.11.3 Specialist Guiding

6.12 Travel Agencies and Tour Operations

6.12.1 Historical Travel Organization

6.12.2 Tour Operator Services

6.12.3 Travel Agency Services

6.13 Travel Protection and Assistance

6.13.1 Travel Insurance

6.13.2 Travel Money Services

6.13.3 Traveller Assistance

6.14 Visitor Attractions, Culture and Heritage

6.14.1 Heritage Sites and Interpretation

6.14.2 Historical Attraction Occupations

6.14.3 Museums, Galleries and Exhibitions

6.14.4 Theme Parks and Amusement Attractions

6.14.5 Wildlife and Marine-Life Attractions

7. DESTINATION

7.1 Destination Concepts

7.1.1 Destination

7.1.2 Destination Area

7.1.3 Destination History

7.1.4 Destination Identity

7.1.5 Destination Image

7.1.6 Destination Lifecycle

7.1.7 Destination Personality

7.1.8 Destination Region

7.1.9 Destination Sense of Place

7.2 Destination Designations and Networks

7.2.1 International Destination Designations and Networks

7.2.1.1 Best Tourism Villages by UN Tourism

7.2.1.2 Biosphere Reserve Destination (UNESCO)

7.2.1.3 European Capital of Smart Tourism

7.2.1.4 European Destinations of Excellence (EDEN)

7.2.1.5 Green Destinations Certified Destination

7.2.1.6 Green Destinations Top 100 Stories

7.2.1.7 Ramsar Wetland Destination

7.2.1.8 UNESCO Global Geopark Destination

7.2.2 UNESCO Creative Cities Network

7.2.2.1 UNESCO Creative City of Crafts and Folk Art

7.2.2.2 UNESCO Creative City of Design

7.2.2.3 UNESCO Creative City of Film

7.2.2.4 UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy

7.2.2.5 UNESCO Creative City of Literature

7.2.2.6 UNESCO Creative City of Media Arts

7.2.2.7 UNESCO Creative City of Music

7.2.3 UNESCO World Heritage

7.2.3.1 UNESCO World Heritage Destination

7.3 Destination Management and Development

7.3.1 Destination Management

7.3.1.1 Destination Carrying Capacity

7.3.1.2 Destination Governance

7.3.1.3 Destination Planning

7.3.1.4 Destination Resilience

7.3.1.5 Destination Stewardship

7.3.1.6 Overtourism Management

7.3.2 Destination Marketing

7.3.2.1 Destination Branding

7.3.2.2 Destination Competitiveness

7.3.2.3 Destination Marketing

7.3.2.4 Destination Positioning

7.4 Destination Types

7.4.1 Cultural Destinations

7.4.1.1 Archaeological Destination

7.4.1.2 Battlefield Destination

7.4.1.3 Castle Destination

7.4.1.4 Cultural Heritage Destination

7.4.1.5 Cultural Landscape Destination

7.4.1.6 Festival Destination

7.4.1.7 Historic Destination

7.4.1.8 Historic Town Destination

7.4.1.9 Industrial Heritage Destination

7.4.1.10 Literary Destination

7.4.1.11 Living Heritage Destination

7.4.1.12 Museum Destination

7.4.1.13 Pilgrimage Destination

7.4.1.14 Religious Tourism Destination

7.4.1.15 UNESCO Intangible Heritage Destination

7.4.2 Health Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.1 Detox Destinations

7.4.2.2 Holistic Wellness Destinations

7.4.2.3 Integrative Medicine Destinations

7.4.2.4 Long-Stay Care Destinations

7.4.2.5 Medical Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.6 Mental Health Retreat Destinations

7.4.2.7 Rehabilitation Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.8 Senior Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.9 Thermal Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.10 Wellness Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.10.1 Detox Destinations

7.4.2.10.2 Holistic Wellness Destinations

7.4.2.10.3 Meditation Retreat Destinations

7.4.2.10.4 Spa Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.10.5 Spa Tourism Destinations

7.4.2.10.6 Yoga Retreat Destinations

7.4.2.11 Yoga Retreat Destinations

7.4.3 Lifestyle Destinations

7.4.3.1 Digital Nomad Destination

7.4.3.2 LGBTQ+ Friendly Destination

7.4.3.3 Luxury Destination

7.4.3.4 Retirement Destination

7.4.3.5 Second-home Destination

7.4.3.6 Slow Tourism Destination

7.4.3.7 Wellness Lifestyle Destination

7.4.4 Nature-Based Destinations

7.4.4.1 Biosphere Reserve Destination

7.4.4.2 Canyon Destination

7.4.4.3 Cave Destination

7.4.4.4 Coastal / Marine Destination

7.4.4.5 Desert Destination

7.4.4.6 Ecotourism Destination

7.4.4.7 Forest Destination

7.4.4.8 Geopark Destination

7.4.4.9 Glacier Destination

7.4.4.10 Island Destination

7.4.4.11 Lake Destination

7.4.4.12 Mountain Destination

7.4.4.13 National Park Destination

7.4.4.14 Polar Destination

7.4.4.15 Protected Area Destination

7.4.4.16 River Destination

7.4.4.17 Rural Destination

7.4.4.18 Volcano Destination

7.4.4.19 Wetland Destination

7.4.5 Resort Destinations

7.4.5.1 Beach Resort Destination

7.4.5.2 Casino Resort Destination

7.4.5.3 Eco-Resort Destination

7.4.5.4 Integrated Resort Destination

7.4.5.5 Island Resort Destination

7.4.5.6 Ski Resort Destination

7.4.5.7 Wellness Resort Destination

7.4.6 Special Interest Destinations

7.4.6.1 Adventure Destination

7.4.6.2 Astrotourism Destination

7.4.6.3 Birdwatching Destination

7.4.6.4 Cruise Destination

7.4.6.5 Cycling Destination

7.4.6.6 Dark Tourism Destination

7.4.6.7 Diving Destination

7.4.6.8 Educational Tourism Destination

7.4.6.9 Entertainment Destinations

7.4.6.10 Film Tourism Destination

7.4.6.11 Fishing Destination

7.4.6.12 Gastronomy Destination

7.4.6.13 Geotourism Destination

7.4.6.14 Golf Destination

7.4.6.15 Hunting Destination

7.4.6.16 Innovation Destination

7.4.6.17 MICE Destination

7.4.6.18 Motorcycle Touring Destination

7.4.6.19 Photography Destination

7.4.6.20 Railway Tourism Destination

7.4.6.21 Shopping Destination

7.4.6.22 Ski Destination

7.4.6.23 Surfing Destination

7.4.6.24 Theme Park Destination

7.4.6.25 Volunteer Tourism Destination

7.4.6.26 Wildlife Destination

7.4.6.27 Wine Tourism Destination

7.4.7 Urban Destinations

7.4.7.1 Capital City Destination

7.4.7.2 Cittaslow Destination

7.4.7.3 City Destination

7.4.7.4 Creative City

7.4.7.5 Historic City Destination

7.4.7.6 Metropolitan Destination

7.4.7.7 Port City Destination

7.4.7.8 Waterfront Destination

7.5 Emerging Destination Models

7.5.1 Accessible Destination

7.5.2 Carbon-Neutral Destination

7.5.3 Climate-Friendly Destination

7.5.4 Digital Destination

7.5.5 Inclusive Destination

7.5.6 Net-Zero Destination

7.5.7 Regenerative Destination

7.5.8 Resilient Destination

7.5.9 Smart Tourism Destination

7.5.10 Sustainable Destination

8. DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS

8.1 Anthropology

8.1.1 Anthropology of Tourism

8.1.2 Cultural Anthropology

8.1.3 Gastronomic Anthropology

8.2 Archaeology

8.2.1 Classical Archaeology

8.2.2 Maritime and Underwater Archaeology

8.2.3 Medieval Archaeology

8.2.4 Prehistoric Archaeology

8.3 Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Planning, and Design

8.3.1 Architecture

8.3.2 Destination Planning

8.3.3 Interior Architecture

8.3.4 Land-Use Planning

8.3.5 Landscape Architecture

8.3.6 Physical Planning

8.3.7 Resort Planning

8.3.8 Site Planning

8.3.9 Spatial Planning

8.3.10 Tourism Planning

8.3.11 Urban and Regional Planning

8.3.12 Urban Design

8.4 Art History

8.4.1 Aesthetics of Culinary Culture

8.4.2 Architectural History

8.5 Artificial Intelligence, Information Technologies and Digitalization

8.5.1 AI Ethics

8.5.2 Artificial Intelligence

8.5.3 Big Data

8.5.4 Data Analytics

8.5.5 Digital Tourism

8.5.6 Explainable AI

8.5.7 Generative Artificial Intelligence

8.5.8 Intelligent Decision Support Systems

8.5.9 Large Language Models

8.5.10 Machine Learning

8.5.11 Robotics

8.5.12 Smart Destinations

8.5.13 Tourism Informatics

8.6 Business and Management Sciences

8.6.1 Accounting and Finance

8.6.2 Business Administration

8.6.3 Entrepreneurship

8.6.4 Human Resource Management

8.6.5 Management

8.6.6 Marketing

8.6.7 Marketing Research

8.6.8 Organizational Studies

8.6.9 Production Management

8.7 Communication and Media Studies

8.7.1 Digital Media

8.7.2 Gastronomy Media

8.7.3 Public Relations

8.7.4 Social Media Studies

8.7.5 Tourism Communication

8.8 Economics

8.8.1 Development Economics

8.8.2 Macroeconomics

8.8.3 Microeconomics

8.8.4 Regional Economics

8.8.5 Tourism Economics

8.9 Environmental and Natural Sciences

8.9.1 Biology

8.9.2 Climate Science

8.9.3 Ecology

8.9.4 Environmental Sciences

8.9.5 Geology

8.9.6 Sustainability Studies

8.10 Food Science

8.10.1 Food Chemistry

8.10.2 Food Microbiology

8.10.3 Food Technology

8.11 Gastronomy and Beverage Studies

8.11.1 Beverage Studies

8.11.2 Culinary Arts

8.11.3 Food Studies

8.11.4 Gastronomy Studies

8.12 Geography

8.12.1 Cultural Geography

8.12.2 Recreation Geography

8.12.3 Tourism Geography

8.13 Health and Wellness Sciences

8.13.1 Health Tourism

8.13.2 Public Health

8.13.3 Spa Management

8.13.4 Wellness Studies

8.14 History

8.14.1 Cultural History

8.14.2 History of Gastronomy

8.14.3 Tourism History

8.14.4 Urban History

8.15 Language and Literature

8.15.1 Cultural Narratives

8.15.2 Travel Writing

8.16 Law and Ethics

8.16.1 Business Ethics

8.16.2 Consumer Law

8.16.3 Cultural Heritage Law

8.16.4 Food Law

8.16.5 Tourism Law

8.17 Leisure Studies

8.17.1 Recreation and Outdoor Leisure

8.17.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Leisure Studies

8.17.3 Tourism and Leisure

8.18 Nutrition Sciences

8.18.1 Dietetics

8.18.2 Nutrition

8.18.3 Public Health Nutrition

8.19 Philosophy

8.19.1 Ethics

8.19.2 Philosophy of Gastronomy

8.19.3 Philosophy of Leisure

8.20 Political Science and Public Administration

8.20.1 Destination Management

8.20.2 Public Administration

8.20.3 Tourism Policies

8.21 Psychology

8.21.1 Consumer Behavior

8.21.2 Experience Psychology

8.21.3 Gastronomy Psychology

8.21.4 Recreation Psychology

8.22 Recreation and Sport Sciences

8.22.1 Leisure Sciences

8.22.2 Outdoor Recreation

8.22.3 Recreation Management

8.22.4 Sport Management

8.23 Sociology

8.23.1 Sociology of Consumption

8.23.2 Sociology of Food and Dining

8.23.3 Sociology of Leisure

8.23.4 Sociology of Tourism

8.24 Tourism Health, Safety, Security, and Risk Management

8.24.1 Biosecurity and Biosafety

8.24.2 Crisis and Emergency Management

8.24.3 Disaster Risk Management

8.24.4 Food Safety

8.24.5 Occupational Health and Safety

8.24.6 Public Health and Tourism

8.24.7 Tourism Safety

8.24.8 Tourism Security

8.24.9 Travel Health and Medicine

8.24.10 Visitor Risk Management

8.25 Transportation and Aviation Studies

8.25.1 Aviation Management

8.25.2 Cruise Management

8.25.3 Transportation Systems

9. EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC FIELDS

9.1 Culinary Arts and Gastronomy

9.1.1 Baking and Pastry Arts

9.1.2 Culinary Arts

9.1.3 Culinary Management

9.1.4 Culinary Science

9.1.5 Food Technology

9.1.6 Gastronomy

9.1.7 Gastronomy and Culinary Arts

9.2 Ecotourism

9.3 Food and Beverage Management

9.4 Heritage, Culture, and Museum Studies

9.4.1 Cultural Heritage Management

9.4.2 Cultural Tourism

9.4.3 Heritage Management

9.4.4 Museum Management

9.4.5 Museum Studies

9.5 Hospitality Management

9.5.1 Hospitality Administration

9.5.2 Hotel and Restaurant Management

9.5.3 Hotel Management

9.5.4 International Hospitality Management

9.5.5 Lodging Management

9.5.6 Luxury Hospitality Management

9.5.7 Resort Management

9.6 Recreation and Leisure Studies

9.6.1 Community Recreation

9.6.2 Leisure Studies

9.6.3 Outdoor Recreation

9.6.4 Parks and Recreation Management

9.6.5 Recreation Management

9.6.6 Sport and Recreation Management

9.6.7 Therapeutic Recreation

9.7 Tourism Studies and Management

9.7.1 Destination Management

9.7.2 International Tourism Management

9.7.3 Smart Tourism Management

9.7.4 Sustainable Tourism Management

9.7.5 Tourism Administration

9.7.6 Tourism Development

9.7.7 Tourism Economics

9.7.8 Tourism Management

9.7.9 Tourism Planning

9.7.10 Tourism Policy and Planning

9.7.11 Tourism Studies

9.8 Tourist Guiding

9.9 Transport Management

9.10 Travel Industry Management

10. EVENTS, FESTIVALS, AND ORGANIZED GATHERINGS

10.1 Arts and Cultural Events

10.1.1 Arts Festival

10.1.2 Ballet Festival

10.1.3 Concert

10.1.4 Cultural Festival

10.1.5 Dance Festival

10.1.6 Fashion and Design Events

10.1.7 Film Festival

10.1.8 Literary Festival

10.1.9 Music Festival

10.1.10 Opera Festival

10.1.11 Photography Festival

10.1.12 Street Performance

10.1.13 Theatre Festival

10.1.14 Visual Arts Festival

10.2 Business Events and MICE

10.2.1 Congress / Convention

10.2.2 Council / Assembly

10.2.3 Forum

10.2.4 Incentive Travel

10.2.5 Panel

10.2.6 Search Conference

10.2.7 Seminar

10.2.8 Symposium

10.2.9 Trade Exhibition

10.2.10 Workshop

10.3 Ceremonial and Recognition Events

10.3.1 Award Ceremony

10.3.2 Opening Ceremony

10.3.3 Recognition Ceremony

10.4 Community, Civic, and Public Events

10.4.1 Charity and Fundraising Event

10.4.2 Civic Ceremony

10.4.3 Community Festival

10.4.4 Public Celebration

10.4.5 Public Commemorative Event

10.5 Entertainment Events

10.5.1 Entertainment Show

10.5.2 Fireworks Display

10.5.3 Light and Multimedia Show

10.5.4 Theme Party

10.5.5 Variety Show

10.6 Events by Delivery and Participation Format

10.6.1 Hybrid Event

10.6.2 In-Person Event

10.6.3 Livestreamed Event

10.6.4 Virtual Event

10.7 Events by Scale and Significance

10.7.1 Major Event

10.7.2 Mega Event

10.7.3 Special Event

10.8 Events by Season and Calendar

10.8.1 Autumn Festival

10.8.2 Seasonal Event

10.8.3 Seasonal Market

10.8.4 Spring Festival

10.8.5 Summer Festival

10.8.6 Winter Festival

10.9 Events by Spatial Format

10.9.1 Destination-Wide Event

10.9.2 Distributed Event

10.9.3 Mobile Event

10.9.4 Multi-Venue Event

10.9.5 Parade

10.9.6 Route-Based Event

10.9.7 Site-Based Event

10.10 Food and Gastronomy Events

10.10.1 Agricultural and Harvest Events

10.10.2 Beverage Festivals

10.10.3 Culinary Competitions

10.10.4 Food and Culinary Festivals

10.10.5 Food Fairs and Exhibitions

10.10.6 Food Markets

10.10.7 Tastings and Culinary Experiences

10.11 Sports and Recreation Events

10.11.1 Athletics and Running Events

10.11.2 Combat Sports Events

10.11.2.1 Traditional Oil Wrestling Event

10.11.3 Cycling Events

10.11.4 Golf Events

10.11.5 Motor Sports Events

10.11.5.1 Motor Racing Championship

10.11.6 Mountain Recreation Events

10.11.7 Multi-Sport Events

10.11.8 Racket Sports Events

10.11.8.1 Tennis Event

10.11.9 Sailing Events

10.11.10 Team Sports Events

10.11.11 Tennis Events

10.11.12 Traditional Sports Events

10.11.13 Water Sports Event

10.11.13.1 Sailing Event

10.11.14 Winter Sports Events

10.12 Traditional, Cultural, and Heritage Events

10.12.1 Carnival

10.12.2 Folk Festival

10.12.3 Heritage Commemoration

10.12.4 Heritage Festival

10.12.5 Historical Reenactment

10.12.6 Living History Event

10.12.7 Traditional and Cultural Festivals

10.12.8 Traditional Celebration

10.12.9 Traditional Ceremony

10.12.10 Traditional Festival

11. FOOD AND BEVERAGE ESTABLISHMENTS

11.1 Bakery and Pastry Establishments

11.1.1 Bakery

11.1.2 Dessert Café

11.1.3 Pastry Shop

11.1.4 Patisserie

11.2 Beverage Service Establishments

11.2.1 Bars and Drinking Establishments

11.2.1.1 By Alcoholic Beverage Specialization

11.2.1.2 By Entertainment Concept

11.2.1.3 By Food Offering

11.2.1.4 By Location and Setting

11.2.1.5 By Ownership and Business Model

11.2.1.6 By Service and Operating Format

11.2.1.7 By Sustainability

11.2.1.8 By Technology

11.2.1.9 By Theme and Experience

11.2.1.10 By Tourism and Heritage Significance

11.2.1.11 General and Traditional Bars

11.2.2 Non-Alcoholic Beverage Establishments

11.2.2.1 Alcohol-Free and Mocktail Bars

11.2.2.2 Juice and Health Beverage Bars

11.2.2.3 Tea and Fermented Beverage Bars

11.3 Cafés, Coffee Shops, and Coffeehouses

11.3.1 By Brewing Specialization

11.3.2 By Coffee Specialization

11.3.3 By Cultural Tradition

11.3.4 By Lifestyle Concept

11.3.5 By Location and Setting

11.3.6 By Menu Offering

11.3.7 By Ownership and Business Model

11.3.8 By Service Channel

11.3.9 Coffee Brewing and Service

11.3.10 Coffee Tasting and Educational Venues

11.3.11 General Concepts and Establishment Types

11.4 Catering and Food Distribution Services

11.4.1 Catering Company

11.4.2 Event Catering

11.4.3 Food Production and Distribution Service

11.4.4 Institutional Catering

11.5 Digital and Online Food Services

11.5.1 Cloud Kitchen Platform

11.5.2 Food Ordering Application

11.5.3 Online Food Delivery Platform

11.5.4 Virtual Restaurant

11.6 Quick-Service Food Establishments

11.6.1 Fast Food Restaurant

11.6.2 Grab-and-Go Food Service

11.6.3 Street Food Establishment

11.6.3.1 Food Cart

11.6.3.2 Food Stall

11.6.3.3 Food Truck

11.6.3.4 Hawker Stall

11.7 Restaurants and Dining Establishments

11.7.1 Barbecue Restaurant

11.7.1.1 Smokehouse

11.7.1.2 Yakitori Restaurant

11.7.2 Bistro

11.7.2.1 Brasserie

11.7.3 Breakfast Restaurant

11.7.4 Brewery Restaurant

11.7.4.1 Brewpub

11.7.5 Brunch Restaurant

11.7.6 Buffet Restaurant

11.7.6.1 All-You-Can-Eat Restaurant

11.7.6.2 Cafeteria

11.7.6.3 Hotel Buffet Restaurant

11.7.7 Casual Dining Restaurant

11.7.8 Celebrity Chef Restaurant

11.7.9 Chef-Owned Restaurant

11.7.10 Dark Restaurant (Dining in the Dark)

11.7.11 Dessert Restaurant

11.7.11.1 Crêperie

11.7.12 Destination Dining Restaurant

11.7.13 Distillery Restaurant

11.7.14 Ethnic Restaurant

11.7.14.1 African Restaurant

11.7.14.2 American Restaurant

11.7.14.2.1 Chophouse

11.7.14.2.2 Pancake House

11.7.14.3 Arab Restaurant

11.7.14.4 Argentine Restaurant

11.7.14.5 Brazilian Restaurant

11.7.14.5.1 Churrascaria

11.7.14.6 Chinese Restaurant

11.7.14.6.1 Dim Sum Restaurant

11.7.14.7 French Restaurant

11.7.14.8 German Restaurant

11.7.14.9 Greek Restaurant

11.7.14.9.1 Taverna

11.7.14.10 Indian Restaurant

11.7.14.11 Indonesian Restaurant

11.7.14.12 Italian Restaurant

11.7.14.12.1 Osteria

11.7.14.12.2 Pizzeria

11.7.14.12.3 Trattoria

11.7.14.13 Japanese Restaurant

11.7.14.13.1 Izakaya

11.7.14.13.2 Ramen Restaurant

11.7.14.14 Korean Restaurant

11.7.14.15 Lebanese Restaurant

11.7.14.16 Mediterranean Restaurant

11.7.14.17 Mexican Restaurant

11.7.14.18 Middle Eastern Restaurant

11.7.14.19 Moroccan Restaurant

11.7.14.20 Peruvian Restaurant

11.7.14.21 Spanish Restaurant

11.7.14.22 Thai Restaurant

11.7.14.23 Turkish Restaurant

11.7.14.24 Vietnamese Restaurant

11.7.15 Family Restaurant

11.7.16 Farm-to-Table Restaurant

11.7.17 Fine Dining Restaurant

11.7.17.1 Chef's Table Restaurant

11.7.17.2 Experimental Restaurant

11.7.17.3 Michelin-Starred Restaurant

11.7.17.4 Molecular Gastronomy Restaurant

11.7.17.5 Tasting Menu Restaurant

11.7.18 Floating Restaurant

11.7.19 Fusion Restaurant

11.7.19.1 Asian Fusion Restaurant

11.7.19.2 California Cuisine Restaurant

11.7.19.3 Nikkei Restaurant

11.7.20 Gastropub

11.7.21 Grill Restaurant

11.7.21.1 Charcoal Grill Restaurant

11.7.21.2 Wood-Fired Grill Restaurant

11.7.22 Halal Restaurant

11.7.23 Health Food Restaurant

11.7.23.1 Macrobiotic Restaurant

11.7.23.2 Wellness Restaurant

11.7.24 Hotel Restaurant

11.7.25 Immersive Dining Restaurant

11.7.26 Interactive Dining Restaurant

11.7.27 Kosher Restaurant

11.7.28 Luxury Restaurant

11.7.29 Off-Premises Restauran

11.7.29.1 Delivery Restaurant

11.7.29.2 Drive-through Restaurant

11.7.29.3 Takeaway Restaurant

11.7.30 Open Kitchen Restaurant

11.7.31 Organic Restaurant

11.7.32 Resort Restaurant

11.7.33 Restaurant

11.7.33.1 Destination Restaurant

11.7.33.2 Pop-up Restaurant

11.7.33.3 Theme Restaurant

11.7.34 Revolving Restaurant

11.7.35 Robot Restaurant

11.7.36 Rooftop Restaurant

11.7.37 Scenic Restaurant

11.7.38 Seafood Restaurant

11.7.38.1 Crab House

11.7.38.2 Fish Restaurant

11.7.38.3 Live Seafood Restaurant

11.7.38.4 Lobster House

11.7.38.5 Oyster Bar

11.7.38.6 Raw Bar

11.7.38.7 Seafood Grill Restaurant

11.7.38.8 Shellfish Restaurant

11.7.39 Steakhouse

11.7.39.1 Argentine Steakhouse

11.7.39.2 Brazilian Steakhouse

11.7.40 Supper Club

11.7.41 Sustainable Restaurant

11.7.41.1 Carbon-Neutral Restaurant

11.7.41.2 Green Restaurant

11.7.41.3 Zero-Waste Restaurant

11.7.42 Tea House Restaurant

11.7.43 Underwater Restaurant

11.7.44 Vegan Restaurant

11.7.44.1 Plant-Based Restaurant

11.7.44.2 Raw Vegan Restaurant

11.7.45 Vegetarian Restaurant

11.7.45.1 Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian Restaurant

11.7.45.2 Lacto-Vegetarian Restaurant

11.7.45.3 Ovo-Vegetarian Restaurant

11.7.46 Waterfront Restaurant

11.7.47 Winery Restaurant

11.7.48 Winery Tasting Restaurant

11.8 Traditional and Heritage Food Establishments

11.8.1 Culinary Heritage Establishment

11.8.2 Heritage Food Venue

11.8.3 Traditional Restaurant

12. FOODS AND BEVERAGES

12.1 Beverages

12.1.1 Alcoholic Beverages

12.1.1.1 Distilled Alcoholic Beverages

12.1.1.2 Fermented Alcoholic Beverages

12.1.1.3 Traditional Alcoholic Beverages

12.1.2 Non-Alcoholic Beverages

12.1.2.1 Cold Beverages

12.1.2.2 Hot Beverages

12.1.2.3 Traditional and Specialty Beverages

12.2 Foods

12.2.1 Cultural and Regional Foods

12.2.1.1 Local Foods

12.2.1.2 Regional Dishes

12.2.1.3 Traditional Foods

12.2.2 Desserts and Bakery Products

12.2.2.1 Bakery and Pastry Products

12.2.2.2 Desserts and Sweets

12.2.3 Dietary Food Categories

12.2.3.1 Vegan Foods

12.2.3.2 Vegetarian Foods

12.2.4 Dishes and Meals

12.2.4.1 Appetizers and Starters

12.2.4.2 Main Dishes

12.2.4.2.1 Meat dishes

12.2.4.2.2 Poultry dishes

12.2.4.3 Soups

12.2.4.4 Street Foods

12.2.5 Ingredient-Based Food Categories

12.2.5.1 Dairy Products

12.2.5.2 Meat and Poultry Products

12.2.5.3 Seafood Products

13. HEALTH TOURISM

13.1 Complementary and Alternative Health Tourism

13.1.1 Ayurveda Tourism

13.1.2 Herbal Therapy Tourism

13.1.3 Traditional Healing Tourism

13.1.4 Traditional Medicine Tourism

13.2 Health Tourism Management

13.2.1 Health Destination Management

13.2.2 Health Tourism Management

13.2.3 Medical Hospitality

13.2.4 Wellness Management

13.3 Medical Tourism

13.3.1 Cosmetic and Aesthetic Tourism

13.3.2 Dental Tourism

13.3.3 Hospital-Based Health Tourism

13.3.4 International Hospital

13.3.5 Medical Resort

13.3.6 Medical Tourism Facility

13.3.7 Rehabilitation Center

13.3.8 Rehabilitation Tourism

13.3.9 Surgical Tourism

13.4 Preventive Health and Healthy Living Tourism

13.4.1 Detox Tourism

13.4.2 Fitness Tourism

13.4.3 Healthy Aging Tourism

13.4.4 Longevity Tourism

13.4.5 Nutrition and Wellness Tourism

13.5 Spa and Thermal Tourism

13.5.1 Balneotherapy

13.5.2 Climatotherapy

13.5.3 Day Spa

13.5.4 Destination Spa

13.5.5 Hydrotherapy

13.5.6 Spa Hotel

13.5.7 Spa Therapy

13.5.8 Thalassotherapy

13.5.9 Thermal Resort

13.6 Wellness Tourism

13.6.1 Holistic Health Retreat

13.6.2 Holistic Wellness

13.6.3 Meditation Tourism

13.6.4 Mindfulness Tourism

13.6.5 Wellness Center

13.6.6 Wellness Resort

13.6.7 Wellness Retreat

13.6.8 Yoga Retreat

14. LAW AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS

14.1 Cultural Heritage and Conservation Law

14.1.1 Archaeological Heritage Law

14.1.2 Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property

14.1.3 Intangible Cultural Heritage Law

14.1.4 Protection of Cultural Assets

14.1.5 Restitution and Repatriation Processes

14.2 Environmental and Sustainability Law

14.2.1 Climate and Carbon Regulations

14.2.2 Environmental Law

14.2.3 Protected Areas Law

14.2.4 Sustainable Tourism Regulations

14.3 International Agreements and Conventions

14.3.1 Bilateral Agreement

14.3.2 Convention / Treaty

14.3.3 Cultural Heritage Protection Conventions

14.3.4 International Agreement

14.3.5 International Tourism Conventions

14.3.6 Multilateral Agreement

14.3.7 Protocol

14.3.8 UNESCO Conventions

14.4 Legislative Documents

14.4.1 Bylaw / Statutory Regulation

14.4.2 Circular

14.4.3 Communiqué

14.4.4 Decree

14.4.5 Directive / Guideline

14.4.6 Law / Act

14.4.7 Regulation

14.5 Tourism Law

14.5.1 Consumer Rights

14.5.2 Hospitality Law

14.5.3 Package Tour Contracts

14.5.4 Tourism Legislation

14.5.5 Tourist Rights

14.5.6 Travel Law

15. MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

15.1 Academic Publishing

15.1.1 Academic Monograph

15.1.2 Conference Proceedings

15.1.3 Edited Volume

15.1.4 Peer-Reviewed Journal

15.2 Books and Monographs

15.2.1 Academic Book

15.2.2 Book

15.2.3 Gastronomy Book

15.2.4 Tourism Monograph

15.2.5 Travel Literature

15.3 Digital Publishing and Online Media

15.3.1 Digital Magazine

15.3.2 Online Tourism Portal

15.3.3 Tourism Podcast

15.3.4 Tourism Website

15.3.5 Travel Blog

15.4 Periodicals

15.4.1 Annual Publication

15.4.2 Bulletin / Newsletter

15.4.3 Magazine

15.4.4 Periodical Publication

15.5 Research and Institutional Reports

15.5.1 Annual Report

15.5.2 Policy Report

15.5.3 Research Report

15.5.4 Sectoral Report

15.5.5 Sustainability Report

15.6 Television Broadcasting

15.6.1 Aviation Television Programs

15.6.2 Cruise Television Programs

15.6.3 Culinary Travel Television Programs

15.6.4 Destination Documentary Series

15.6.5 Heritage Television Programs

15.6.6 Hotel and Hospitality Television Programs

15.6.7 Railway Travel Television Programs

15.6.8 Tourism Television Programs

15.6.9 Travel Television Programs

15.6.10 Wildlife Travel Television Programs

16. MUSEUMS, EXHIBITIONS, AND VISITOR ATTRACTIONS

16.1 Exhibitions

16.1.1 Digital Exhibitions

16.1.2 Immersive Exhibitions

16.1.3 Permanent Exhibitions

16.1.4 Temporary Exhibitions

16.1.5 Travelling Exhibitions

16.1.6 World Expositions

16.2 Galleries

16.2.1 Artist-Run Galleries

16.2.2 Commercial Art Galleries

16.2.3 Contemporary Art Galleries

16.2.4 Craft and Design Galleries

16.2.5 Cultural and Heritage Galleries

16.2.6 Digital and Virtual Galleries

16.2.7 Non-Profit Art Galleries

16.2.8 Photography Galleries

16.2.9 Pop-Up and Mobile Galleries

16.2.10 Public Art Galleries

16.2.11 University Art Galleries

16.3 Museums

16.3.1 Archaeology Museums

16.3.1.1 Ancient Civilizations Museum

16.3.1.2 Classical Archaeology Museum

16.3.1.3 Maritime Archaeology Museum

16.3.1.4 Prehistoric Museum

16.3.2 Art Museums

16.3.2.1 Contemporary Art Museum

16.3.2.2 Decorative Arts Museum

16.3.2.3 Fine Arts Museum

16.3.2.4 Modern Art Museum

16.3.2.5 Photography Museum

16.3.2.6 Sculpture Museum

16.3.3 Digital and Virtual Museums

16.3.3.1 Digital Museum

16.3.3.2 Immersive Museum

16.3.3.3 Virtual Museum

16.3.4 Ethnography and Anthropology Museums

16.3.4.1 Anthropology Museum

16.3.4.2 Ethnographic Museums

16.3.4.2.1 Folk Culture Museum

16.3.4.2.2 Open-Air Ethnographic Museum

16.3.4.3 Indigenous Culture Museum

16.3.5 Food and Culinary Museums

16.3.5.1 Bread Museum

16.3.5.2 Chocolate Museum

16.3.5.3 Coffee Museum

16.3.5.4 Culinary Museum

16.3.5.5 Food Museum

16.3.5.6 Gastronomy Museum

16.3.5.7 Olive Oil Museum

16.3.5.8 Pastry Museum

16.3.5.9 Tea Museum

16.3.5.10 Wine Museum

16.3.6 Heritage Museums

16.3.6.1 Cultural Heritage Museum

16.3.6.2 Cultural Landscape Museum

16.3.6.3 Industrial Heritage Museum

16.3.6.4 Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum

16.3.6.5 World Heritage Museum

16.3.7 History Museums

16.3.7.1 Local History Museum

16.3.7.2 Military History Museum

16.3.7.3 National History Museum

16.3.7.4 Natural History Museum

16.3.7.5 Political History Museum

16.3.7.6 Regional History Museum

16.3.8 Open-Air and Living Museums

16.3.8.1 Eco-Museum

16.3.8.2 Heritage Village

16.3.8.3 Living History Museum

16.3.8.4 Open-Air Museum

16.3.9 Science and Technology Museums

16.3.9.1 Innovation Museum

16.3.9.2 Science Museum

16.3.9.3 Space Museum

16.3.9.4 Technology Museum

16.3.9.5 Transportation Museum

16.3.10 Sports Museums

16.4 Recreational, Entertainment, and Themed Attractions

16.4.1 Adventure Parks

16.4.2 Amusement Parks

16.4.3 Indoor Entertainment Parks

16.4.4 Marine Life Parks and Aquariums

16.4.5 Seasonal and Event Parks

16.4.6 Technology-Based Entertainment Parks

16.4.7 Theme Parks

16.4.8 Water Parks

16.4.9 Wildlife and Safari Parks

16.5 Visitor and Interpretation Centres

16.5.1 Heritage Interpretation Centre

16.5.2 Nature Interpretation Centre

16.5.3 Tourism Information Centre

16.5.4 Visitor Centre

17. NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

17.1 Archaeological Heritage

17.1.1 Altar

17.1.2 Ancient City

17.1.3 Ancient Library

17.1.4 Ancient Theatre

17.1.5 Archaeological Site

17.1.6 Coin

17.1.7 Hippodrome

17.1.8 Mosaic

17.1.9 Sarcophagus

17.1.10 Tablet

17.1.11 Tell / Mound Settlement

17.1.12 Tumulus

17.2 Art History and Visual Culture

17.2.1 Art by Geographic and Cultural Tradition

17.2.2 Art by Historical Period

17.2.2.1 Ancient Art

17.2.2.1.1 Ancient Egyptian Art

17.2.2.1.2 Ancient Greek Art

17.2.2.1.3 Ancient Roman Art

17.2.2.2 Contemporary Art

17.2.2.3 Early Modern Art

17.2.2.4 Medieval Art

17.2.2.5 Modern Art

17.2.2.6 Prehistoric Art

17.2.2.7 Renaissance Art

17.2.3 Art Forms, Media, and Techniques

17.2.4 Art Movements and Styles

17.2.5 Artistic Genres, Themes, and Subject Matter

17.2.6 Iconography, Symbolism, and Visual Interpretation

17.2.7 Visual Narrative and Storytelling

17.3 Biodiversity and Ecology

17.3.1 Ecological Corridors

17.3.2 Ecosystems

17.3.3 Endemic Species

17.3.4 Fauna

17.3.5 Flora

17.4 Geological and Geomorphological Formations

17.4.1 Beach

17.4.2 Canyon

17.4.3 Cave

17.4.4 Coastal Area

17.4.5 Geothermal Resource

17.4.6 Lake

17.4.7 Mountain

17.4.8 Plateau / Highland

17.4.9 River / Stream

17.4.10 Valley

17.4.11 Waterfall

17.5 Intangible Cultural Heritage

17.5.1 Culinary Heritage and Traditional Foodways

17.5.2 Oral Traditions and Expressions

17.5.3 Performing Arts

17.5.3.1 Folk Dances

17.5.4 Social Practices, Rituals, and Festive Events

17.5.5 Traditional Craftsmanship

17.5.6 Traditional Dress and Costume Practices

17.5.7 Traditional Games and Sports

17.5.8 Traditional Knowledge and Practices Concerning Nature

17.6 Monumental and Historic Structures

17.6.1 Aqueduct

17.6.2 Bastion / Fortification

17.6.3 Bridge

17.6.4 Castle / Fortress

17.6.5 City Walls

17.6.6 Clock Tower

17.6.7 Lighthouse

17.6.8 Monument

17.6.9 Tunnel

17.7 Protected Natural Areas

17.7.1 Ecotourism Area

17.7.2 Geopark

17.7.3 National Park

17.7.4 Nature Reserve / Protected Area

17.7.5 UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

17.7.6 UNESCO Global Geopark

17.7.7 UNESCO Mixed Heritage Site

17.7.8 UNESCO Natural Heritage Site

17.8 Religious Architecture and Sacred Heritage

17.8.1 Cathedral

17.8.2 Chapel

17.8.3 Church

17.8.4 Dervish Lodge

17.8.5 Madrasa

17.8.6 Mausoleum / Tomb

17.8.7 Monastery

17.8.8 Mosque

17.8.9 Religious Complex

17.8.10 Synagogue

17.8.11 Temple

17.9 Tangible Cultural Heritage

17.9.1 Artistic Heritage

17.9.1.1 Decorative and Applied Arts Heritage

17.9.1.2 Monumental and Architectural Art Heritage

17.9.1.3 Visual and Fine Arts Heritage

17.9.2 Religious and Sacred Tangible Heritage

17.9.2.1 Liturgical and Devotional Objects

17.9.2.2 Religious Buildings and Sites

17.9.2.3 Sacred Artworks

17.10 UNESCO and International Protection Programs

17.10.1 UNESCO Creative Cities Network

17.10.2 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

17.10.3 UNESCO Memory of the World Programme

17.10.4 UNESCO Tentative List

17.10.5 UNESCO World Heritage Site

18. PEOPLE / BIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES

18.1 Architects, Planners, and Designers

18.1.1 Destination Planners

18.1.2 Experience Designers

18.1.3 Hospitality Designers

18.1.4 Landscape Architects

18.1.5 Tourism Architects

18.2 Cultural Heritage and Museum Professionals

18.2.1 Archaeologists

18.2.2 Conservation Specialists

18.2.3 Cultural Heritage Experts

18.2.4 Heritage Managers

18.2.5 Museum Curators

18.3 Environmental and Sustainability Experts

18.3.1 Climate and Tourism Specialists

18.3.2 Ecotourism Experts

18.3.3 Environmental Researchers

18.3.4 Sustainability Consultants

18.4 Gastronomy and Culinary Professionals

18.4.1 Beverage Experts

18.4.2 Chefs

18.4.3 Culinary Educators

18.4.4 Culinary Researchers

18.4.5 Food Historians

18.4.6 Gastronomy Writers

18.4.7 Restaurateurs

18.4.8 Sommeliers

18.5 Historical Figures in Tourism

18.5.1 Founders of Tourism Institutions

18.5.2 Gastronomy Pioneers

18.5.3 Hospitality Pioneers

18.5.4 Tourism Pioneers

18.5.5 Travel Explorers

18.6 Interdisciplinary Contributors

18.7 Recreation, Wellness, and Leisure Professionals

18.7.1 Leisure Researchers

18.7.2 Outdoor Recreation Leaders

18.7.3 Recreation Specialists

18.7.4 Spa Professionals

18.7.5 Wellness Experts

18.8 Tourism Academics and Researchers

18.8.1 Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Scholars

18.8.2 Leisure Scholars

18.8.3 Recreation Scholars

18.8.4 Tourism and Hospitality Scholars

18.8.5 Tourism Economists

18.8.6 Tourism Geographers

18.8.7 Tourism Sociologists

18.9 Tourism Administrators

18.9.1 International Organization Officials

18.9.2 Ministers of Tourism

18.9.3 Public Administrators

18.10 Tourism Anthropologists

18.11 Tourism Entrepreneurs and Innovators

18.11.1 Airline Entrepreneurs

18.11.2 Cruise Entrepreneurs

18.11.3 Digital Travel Entrepreneurs

18.11.4 Hospitality Investors

18.11.5 Restaurateurs

18.11.6 Startup Founders

18.11.7 Tourism Entrepreneurs

18.11.8 Travel Technology Innovators

18.12 Tourism Industry Professionals

18.12.1 Airline Executives

18.12.2 Convention Industry Professionals

18.12.3 Cruise Industry Professionals

18.12.4 Destination Managers

18.12.5 Digital Travel Executives

18.12.6 Event Managers

18.12.7 Hospitality Managers

18.12.8 Hotel Executives

18.12.9 Tour Operators

18.12.10 Travel Agency Executives

18.13 Travel Writers, Media Figures, and Influencers

18.13.1 Documentary Producers

18.13.2 Gastronomy Media Figures

18.13.3 Tourism Broadcasters

18.13.4 Tourism Journalists

18.13.5 Travel Influencers

18.13.6 Travel Writers / Traveler

19. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

19.1 Local Destination Governance

19.1.1 City Tourism Office

19.1.2 Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB)

19.1.3 Destination Marketing/Management Organizations (DMOs)

19.2 National Tourism Government Organizations

19.3 National Tourism Organizations (NTOs)

19.4 Regional Tourism Offices

20. RELIGION AND BELIEF SYSTEMS

20.1 Christian Denominations

20.1.1 Anglicanism

20.1.2 Catholicism

20.1.3 Eastern Churches

20.1.4 Orthodoxy

20.1.5 Protestantism

20.2 Islamic Sects and Schools

20.2.1 Alevism-Bektashism

20.2.2 Ja’farism

20.2.3 Kharijism

20.2.4 Shi’a Islam

20.2.5 Sufi Orders and Traditions

20.2.6 Sunni Islam

20.3 Jewish Denominations

20.3.1 Conservative Judaism

20.3.2 Hasidism

20.3.3 Orthodox Judaism

20.3.4 Reform Judaism

20.4 Religions

20.4.1 Abrahamic Religions

20.4.2 Eastern Religions

20.4.3 Esoteric and Mystical Belief Systems

20.4.4 New Religious Movements

20.4.5 Traditional and Indigenous Religions

20.5 Religious Beliefs and Doctrines

20.5.1 Afterlife Belief

20.5.2 Animism

20.5.3 Concept of Sacredness

20.5.4 Karma

20.5.5 Monotheism

20.5.6 Polytheism

20.5.7 Reincarnation

20.5.8 Totemism

20.6 Religious Rituals and Sacred Spaces

20.6.1 Church

20.6.2 Monastery

20.6.3 Mosque

20.6.4 Pilgrimage Center

20.6.5 Shrine / Mausoleum

20.6.6 Synagogue

20.6.7 Temple

20.7 Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

20.7.1 Pilgrimage Culture

20.7.2 Pilgrimage Organizations

20.7.3 Religious Festivals

20.7.4 Sacred Routes

21. RESEARCH AND STATISTICS

21.1 Applied Research

21.1.1 Applied Research

21.1.2 Industry Research

21.1.3 Market Research

21.1.4 Policy Research

21.2 Basic Research

21.2.1 Basic / Fundamental Research

21.2.2 Conceptual Research

21.2.3 Theoretical Research

21.3 Data, Measurement, and Analysis

21.3.1 Data Analysis

21.3.2 Feasibility Study

21.3.3 Impact Assessment / Impact Analysis

21.3.4 Inventory Study

21.3.5 Statistical Research

21.4 Graduate Research

21.4.1 Doctoral Dissertation

21.4.2 Master’s Thesis

21.4.3 Postdoctoral Research

21.5 Planning and Policy Studies

21.5.1 Conservation Plan

21.5.2 Management Plan

21.5.3 Plan

21.5.4 Regional Development Plan

21.5.5 Strategic Plan

21.5.6 Tourism Development Plan

21.6 Project Studies

21.6.1 Development Project

21.6.2 European Union Project

21.6.3 Implementation Project

21.6.4 Research Project

21.6.5 Sustainability Project

22. RESEARCH CENTERS AND INSTITUTES

22.1 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Research Organizations

22.1.1 Archaeological Research Institute

22.1.2 Cultural Heritage Research Center

22.1.3 Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center

22.2 Gastronomy and Food & Beverage Research Organizations

22.2.1 Culinary Culture Research Center

22.2.2 Gastronomy Research Center

22.3 Institutes

22.3.1 Graduate School / Graduate Institute

22.3.2 Policy Research Institute / Think Tank

22.3.3 Research Institute

22.3.4 Technology and Innovation Institute

22.4 Interdisciplinary Research Organizations

22.4.1 Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence Research Center

22.4.2 Environment and Sustainability Research Center

22.4.3 Regional Development Research Center

22.4.4 Social Sciences Research Institute

22.5 International and Independent Research Organizations

22.5.1 International Research Consortium

22.5.2 Policy Research Organization

22.5.3 Scientific Research Network

22.5.4 Think Tank

22.6 Research Activities and Areas of Study

22.6.1 Applied Research

22.6.2 Data and Statistical Research

22.6.3 Field Research

22.6.4 Publication and Documentation Studies

22.6.5 Scientific Project Development

22.7 Research Centers

22.7.1 Regional Research Center

22.7.2 Research and Application Center

22.7.3 Thematic Research Center

22.7.4 University Research Center

22.8 Tourism Research Centers

22.8.1 Destination Research Center

22.8.2 Sustainable Tourism Research Center

22.8.3 Tourism Policy Research Center

22.8.4 Tourism Research Center

23. SETTLEMENT CENTERS

23.1 Cities

23.1.1 Capital City

23.1.2 Global City

23.1.3 Historic City

23.1.4 Metropolitan City

23.1.5 Tourism City

23.2 Districts and Urban Areas

23.2.1 Administrative District

23.2.2 Municipal District

23.2.3 Urban District

23.3 Provinces and Special Regions

23.4 Towns

23.4.1 Historic Town

23.4.2 Market Town

23.4.3 Small Town

23.4.4 Tourism Town

23.5 Villages

23.5.1 Agricultural Village

23.5.2 Coastal Village

23.5.3 Mountain Village

23.5.4 Rural Village

24. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

24.1 Equipment and Technology

24.1.1 Cleaning and Maintenance Equipment

24.1.2 Energy and Environmental Technology

24.1.3 Entertainment and Experience Technology

24.1.4 Food Service Equipment

24.1.5 Guest Service Technology

24.1.6 Information and Communication Technology

24.1.7 Safety and Security Technology

24.1.8 Smart Technologies

24.1.9 Transportation Systems

24.2 Hospitality Equipment and Technology

24.2.1 Building Systems

24.2.2 Food and Beverage Equipment

24.2.3 Front Office Equipment

24.2.4 Guest Room Equipment

24.2.5 Guest Safety and Security

24.2.6 Hospitality Robotics and Smart Devices

24.2.7 Housekeeping and Laundry Equipment

24.2.8 Wellness Equipment

24.3 Tourism Equipment and Technology

24.3.1 Adventure and Outdoor Equipment

24.3.2 Attraction Equipment and Technology

24.3.3 Destination Infrastructure

24.3.4 Event and Convention Technology

24.3.5 Smart Tourism Technologies

24.3.6 Sustainable Tourism Technologies

24.3.7 Transportation Equipment

24.3.8 Visitor Information and Interpretation

25. TOURISM INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS

25.1 Aviation Organizations

25.2 Cruise Industry Organizations

25.3 Cultural Heritage, Museums and Archaeology Organizations

25.4 Destination Management and Marketing Organizations

25.5 Food, Culinary and Gastronomy Organizations

25.6 Global Tourism Organizations

25.7 Hospitality Organizations

25.8 Marinas and Yachting Organizations

25.9 Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE)

25.10 Mobility Organizations

25.11 Nature Conservation and Ecotourism Organizations

25.12 Rail and Road Transport Organizations

25.13 Recreation and Leisure Organizations

25.14 Sustainable Tourism Organizations

25.15 Tourism Education and Academic Organizations

25.16 Tourist Guide Organizations

25.17 Travel Agencies and Tour Operators

26. TOURISM RECOGNITION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS

26.1 Awards

26.2 Certifications

26.3 Indexes

27. TOURISM TYPES AND FORMS

27.1 Accommodation-Based Tourism

27.2 Adventure Tourism

27.2.1 Diving Tourism

27.2.2 Hard Adventure Tourism

27.2.3 Mountaineering Tourism

27.2.4 Rafting Tourism

27.2.5 Soft Adventure Tourism

27.2.6 Trekking Tourism

27.3 Business, Meetings and Events Tourism

27.3.1 Bleisure Tourism

27.3.2 Business Tourism

27.3.3 MICE Tourism

27.3.4 Religious Event Tourism

27.4 Cultural Tourism

27.4.1 Archaeological Tourism

27.4.2 Gastronomy Tourism

27.4.3 Heritage Tourism

27.4.4 Indigenous Tourism

27.4.5 Literary Tourism

27.4.6 Museum Tourism

27.5 Dark, Memory, and Conflict Tourism

27.5.1 Battlefield Tourism

27.5.2 Dark Tourism

27.5.3 Holocaust Tourism

27.5.4 Memorial Tourism

27.6 Economy-Based Tourism

27.6.1 Casino Tourism

27.6.2 Gambling Tourism

27.6.3 Outlet Tourism

27.6.4 Tax-free Tourism

27.7 Educational and Scientific Tourism

27.7.1 Academic Tourism

27.7.2 Educational Tourism

27.7.3 Scientific Tourism

27.7.4 Study Abroad Tourism

27.8 Emerging Tourism Forms

27.8.1 Astrotourism

27.8.2 Creative Tourism

27.8.3 Emerging Tourism Forms

27.8.3.1 Slow Tourism

27.8.4 Regenerative Tourism

27.8.5 Slow Tourism

27.8.6 Space Tourism

27.8.7 Volunteer Tourism

27.9 Emerging Tourism Types

27.9.1 Calm Tourism

27.9.2 Coolcation

27.9.3 Detour Destinations

27.9.4 Digital Nomad Tourism

27.9.5 Gig Tripping

27.9.6 Noctourism (Nocturnal Tourism):

27.9.7 Remote Work Tourism

27.9.8 Sleep Tourism

27.9.9 Staycation

27.9.10 Wellness Lifestyle Tourism

27.9.11 Workation Tourism

27.10 Gastronomy and Food Tourism

27.10.1 Beer Tourism

27.10.2 Coffee Tourism

27.10.3 Culinary Tourism

27.10.4 Food Heritage Tourism

27.10.5 Wine Tourism

27.11 General Tourism Forms

27.11.1 Domestic Tourism

27.11.2 Inbound Tourism

27.11.3 Internal Tourism

27.11.4 International Tourism

27.11.5 Local Tourism

27.11.6 National Tourism

27.11.7 Outbound Tourism

27.11.8 Regional Tourism

27.12 Health, Wellness, and Medical Tourism

27.12.1 Medical Tourism

27.12.2 Rehabilitation Tourism

27.12.3 Spa Tourism

27.12.4 Thermal Tourism

27.12.5 Wellness Tourism

27.13 Leisure and Recreation Tourism

27.13.1 Entertainment Tourism

27.13.2 Holiday Tourism

27.13.3 Leisure Tourism

27.13.4 Recreation Tourism

27.13.5 Resort Tourism

27.14 Luxury and Premium Tourism

27.14.1 Boutique Tourism

27.14.2 Exclusive Tourism

27.14.3 Luxury Tourism

27.14.4 VIP Tourism

27.15 Marine and Water Tourism

27.15.1 Coastal Tourism

27.15.2 Cruise Tourism

27.15.3 Marina Tourism

27.15.4 Marine Tourism

27.15.5 Water Tourism

27.15.6 Yacht Tourism

27.16 Nature-Based Tourism

27.16.1 Ecotourism

27.16.2 Geotourism

27.16.3 Mountain Tourism

27.16.4 Rural Tourism

27.16.5 Wildlife Tourism

27.17 Religious and Spiritual Tourism

27.17.1 Faith Tourism

27.17.2 Pilgrimage Tourism

27.17.3 Sacred Site Tourism

27.17.4 Spiritual Tourism

27.18 Rural and Agricultural Tourism

27.18.1 Agritourism

27.18.2 Farm Tourism

27.18.3 Rural Tourism

27.18.4 Village Tourism

27.19 Seasonal and Geographic Tourism

27.19.1 Antarctic Tourism

27.19.2 Arctic Tourism

27.19.3 Autumn Tourism

27.19.4 Border Tourism

27.19.5 Cross-border Tourism

27.19.6 Four-season Tourism

27.19.7 Highland Tourism

27.19.8 Island Tourism

27.19.9 Polar Tourism

27.19.10 Spring Tourism

27.19.11 Summer Tourism

27.19.12 Winter Tourism

27.20 Social, Inclusive and Demographic Tourism

27.20.1 Accessible Tourism

27.20.2 Children's Tourism

27.20.3 Family Tourism

27.20.4 Inclusive Tourism

27.20.5 Intergenerational Tourism

27.20.6 LGBTQ+ Tourism

27.20.7 Senior Tourism

27.20.8 Social Tourism

27.20.9 Solo Tourism

27.20.10 Women's Tourism

27.20.11 Youth Tourism

27.21 Sports Tourism

27.21.1 Active Sports Tourism

27.21.2 Event Sports Tourism

27.21.3 Football Tourism

27.21.4 Golf Tourism

27.21.5 Winter Sports Tourism

27.22 Technology-Based Tourism

27.22.1 AI-assisted Tourism

27.22.2 Digital Tourism

27.22.3 E-tourism

27.22.4 Metaverse Tourism

27.22.5 Robot Tourism

27.22.6 Smart Tourism

27.22.7 Virtual Tourism

27.23 Transportation-Based Tourism

27.23.1 Aviation Tourism

27.23.2 Bicycle Tourism

27.23.3 Caravan Tourism

27.23.4 Cruise Tourism

27.23.5 Hot Air Balloons

27.23.6 Rail Tourism

27.23.7 Road Tourism

27.24 Urban Tourism

27.24.1 City Tourism

27.24.2 Creative City Tourism

27.24.3 Metropolitan Tourism

27.24.4 Shopping Tourism

28. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT TERMINALS AND PASSENGER CARRIERS

28.1 Air Transportation

28.1.1 Air Transportation Infrastructure

28.1.1.1 Airport

28.1.1.2 Domestic Airport

28.1.1.3 General Aviation Airport

28.1.1.4 Hub Airport

28.1.1.5 International Airport

28.1.1.6 Low-Cost Airport

28.1.1.7 Regional Airport

28.1.1.8 Seaplane Terminal

28.1.2 Airlines

28.1.2.1 Airline Business Models

28.1.2.2 Airline Market Segments

28.1.2.3 Airline Operating and Network Model

28.1.2.4 Airline Ownership

28.1.2.5 Emerging Airlines

28.1.2.6 Special-Purpose Airlines

28.1.3 Helicopter Operators

28.2 Bus and Coach Transport

28.2.1 Bus and Coach Vehicles

28.2.1.1 By Passenger Capacity

28.2.1.2 By Primary Use

28.2.1.3 By Propulsion and Technology

28.2.1.4 By Vehicle Design

28.2.1.5 Manufacturers, Brands, and Models

28.2.2 Coach Companies

28.2.2.1 By Geographic Scope

28.2.2.2 By Operating Model

28.2.2.3 By Ownership and Business Model

28.2.2.4 By Primary Service

28.2.2.5 By Sustainability and Technology

28.2.2.6 By Target Market

28.2.2.7 Fleet Capacity

28.2.3 Road Transportation Infrastructure

28.2.3.1 Bus Terminal

28.2.3.2 Coach Terminal

28.2.3.3 Highway Service Terminal

28.2.3.4 Intercity Bus Station

28.2.3.5 Multimodal Bus Terminal

28.2.3.6 Transit Center

28.3 Maritime and Waterway Transportation

28.3.1 Cruise Lines

28.3.1.1 Business and Institutional Cruises

28.3.1.2 Cruise Destinations

28.3.1.3 Cruise Itinerary and Duration

28.3.1.3.1 Duration

28.3.1.3.2 Itinerary

28.3.1.4 Cruise Market Segments

28.3.1.5 Cruise Themes and Experiences

28.3.1.6 Cruise Vessel Types

28.3.1.7 Emerging and Sustainable Cruise Types

28.3.1.8 Passenger-Oriented Cruises

28.3.1.9 Special-Interest Cruises

28.3.2 Ferry Companies

28.3.3 Passenger Shipping Companies

28.3.4 Ports and Terminals

28.3.4.1 Commercial Port

28.3.4.2 Cruise Port / Cruise Terminal

28.3.4.3 Dry Port

28.3.4.4 Ferry Terminal

28.3.4.5 Fishing Port

28.3.4.6 Inland Port

28.3.4.7 Marina

28.3.4.8 Passenger Port

28.3.4.9 Port

28.3.4.10 Seaport

28.3.5 Water Taxi Operators

28.3.6 Yacht Charter Companies

28.4 Rail Transport

28.4.1 Railway Companies

28.4.1.1 High-speed Railway Companies

28.4.1.2 Intercity and Regional Railway Companies

28.4.1.3 National Passenger Railway Companies

28.4.1.4 Tourism and Leisure Railway Companies

28.4.2 Railway Transportation Infrastructure

28.4.2.1 Central Railway Station

28.4.2.2 High-Speed Rail Station

28.4.2.3 Intermodal Rail Terminal

28.4.2.4 Metro Station

28.4.2.5 Railway Station

28.4.2.6 Tourist Railway Terminal

28.4.3 Train Types

28.4.3.1 High-speed Trains

28.4.3.2 Intercity Trains

28.4.3.3 Tourism and Heritage Trains

28.5 Smart and Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

28.5.1 Green Terminal

28.5.2 Smart Airport

28.5.3 Smart Port

28.5.4 Sustainable Mobility Hub

28.6 Transportation Vehicles

28.6.1 Aircraft

28.6.2 Buses and Coaches

28.6.3 Cruise Ships

28.6.4 Trains

28.6.5 Yachts

28.7 Urban Rail and Cable Transport

28.7.1 APM (Automated People Mover)

28.7.2 Cable Car

28.7.3 Funicular

28.7.4 LRT (Light Rail Transit)

28.7.5 Metro

28.7.6 Monorail

28.7.7 Subway

28.8 Vehicle Rental and Sharing

28.8.1 Car Rental

28.8.2 Car-sharing

28.8.3 Peer-to-peer Car-sharing

28.8.4 Vehicle Sharing

29. TRAVEL DISTRIBUTION AND INTERMEDIARIES

29.1 Airline Reservation Systems

29.2 Cruise Booking Platforms

29.3 Destination Reservation Platforms

29.4 Online Travel Agencies (OTAs)

29.5 Rail Booking Platforms

29.6 Reservation and Distribution Systems

29.7 Restaurant Reservation Platforms

29.8 Tour and Activity Platforms

29.9 Tour Operators

29.9.1 Customer-Oriented Tour Operators

29.9.2 Emerging Tour Operators

29.9.3 Specialized Tour Operators

29.9.3.1 Business and Professional Travel

29.9.3.2 Culture and Heritage

29.9.3.3 Gastronomy and Rural Tourism

29.9.3.4 Marine and Cruise

29.9.3.5 Nature and Adventure

29.9.3.6 Sports and Recreation

29.9.4 Tour Operator Distribution Models

29.9.5 Tour Operator Market Orientation

29.9.6 Tour Operator Product Models

29.10 Transportation Booking Platforms

29.11 Travel Agencies

29.12 Vacation Rental Platforms

30. TRAVEL INFORMATION AND REVIEW PLATFORMS

30.1 Accommodation Review Platforms

30.2 Airline Review Platforms

30.3 Cruise Review Platforms

30.4 Destination Review Platforms

30.5 Hostel Review Platforms

30.6 Restaurant Review Platforms

30.7 Travel Metasearch Platforms

30.8 Travel Planning and Discovery Platforms

30.9 Travel Review Platforms

31. VISITOR CENTERS

31.1 Interpretation and Experience Spaces

31.1.1 Digital Experience Center

31.1.2 Experience Center

31.1.3 Interactive Promotion Center

31.1.4 Interpretation Center

31.2 Sustainability and Visitor Management

31.2.1 Accessible Visitor Center

31.2.2 Carrying Capacity Management

31.2.3 Sustainable Visitor Experience

31.2.4 Visitor Management

31.3 Thematic Visitor Centers

31.3.1 Archaeological Site Visitor Center

31.3.2 Cultural Heritage Visitor Center

31.3.3 Museum Visitor Center

31.3.4 National Park Visitor Center

31.3.5 Nature Visitor Center

31.4 Visitor Information and Reception Centers

31.4.1 Destination Visitor Center

31.4.2 Tourism Information Office

31.4.3 Tourist Information Center

31.4.4 Visitor Reception Center

31.5 Visitor Services

31.5.1 Destination Information Services

31.5.2 Digital Information Systems

31.5.3 Guiding Services

31.5.4 Mapping and Navigation Services

31.5.5 Reservation and Ticketing Services

32. WORKING LIFE AND LABOUR STUDIES

32.1 Employment and Labour Market

32.1.1 Employment

32.1.2 Informal Employment

32.1.3 Labour Market

32.1.4 Migrant Labour

32.1.5 Seasonal Employment

32.2 Industrial Relations

32.2.1 Collective Agreement

32.2.2 Collective Bargaining

32.2.3 Employer Associations

32.2.4 Industrial Relations

32.2.5 Labour Relations

32.3 Labour Rights and Social Policy

32.3.1 Job Security

32.3.2 Occupational Health and Safety

32.3.3 Right to Work

32.3.4 Social Security

32.3.5 Workers’ Rights

32.4 Labour Struggles and Rights Claims

32.4.1 Labour Movements

32.4.2 Lockout

32.4.3 Protest Movements

32.4.4 Stoppage

32.4.5 Strike

32.4.6 Work Stoppage

32.5 Professional Representation Structures

32.5.1 Confederations

32.5.2 Federations

32.5.3 Workers’ Associations

32.6 Trade Unions

32.6.1 Employers’ Union

32.6.2 Professional Associations

32.6.3 Trade Unions / Labor Unions

32.6.4 Workers’ Unions

32.7 Working Life in Tourism

32.7.1 Employment in Hospitality Establishments

32.7.2 Seasonal Employment in Tourism

32.7.3 Tourism Labour Force

32.7.4 Unionization in Tourism

32.7.5 Working Conditions in the Service Industry