Entries Awaiting Contribution
Business Law

The body of legal rules, rights and obligations governing business.

LAW AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
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International Competitiveness

The capacity of international to create superior value and sustain performance relative to alternatives.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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International Expansion

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning international expansion.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Global Value Chains

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning global value chains.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

The allocation of financial or other resources to develop, maintain or improve foreign direct.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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International Marketing

The research, positioning, communication and promotion of international products, services or experiences to selected audiences.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Marketing
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Cross-cultural Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of cross-cultural resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Global Strategy

A coordinated set of long-term choices and actions for achieving objectives relating to global.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Multinational Enterprises

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning multinational enterprises.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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International Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing international products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Regenerative Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing regenerative products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Responsible Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing responsible products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Green Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing green products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning corporate social responsibility.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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FinTech

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning fintech.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Digital Business Models

Forms of business models created, delivered or managed through digital data, platforms and technologies.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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E-commerce

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning e-commerce.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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E-business

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning e-business.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Cloud Computing

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning cloud computing.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Management Information Systems (MIS)

Interconnected people, technologies and processes organized to support management information functions.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Venture Capital

Financial, human, social or cultural resources accumulated and used in relation to venture.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Business Incubators

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning business incubators.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Women Entrepreneurship

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning women entrepreneurship.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Social Entrepreneurship

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning social entrepreneurship.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Startups

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning startups.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning small and medium-sized enterprises (smes).

FOOD AND BEVERAGE ESTABLISHMENTS Beverage Service Establishments DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration Bars and Drinking Establishments By Ownership and Business Model
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Family Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing family products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Total Quality Management (TQM)

The coordinated planning, organization and control of total quality resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Six Sigma

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning six sigma.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Lean Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of lean resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Capacity Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of capacity resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Procurement

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning procurement.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Service Operations

The day-to-day processes, people and resources required to deliver service services or activities.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Operations Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of operations resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Organizational Commitment

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning organizational commitment.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Training and Development

The planned creation or improvement of training and capacities, resources and outcomes.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Human Resource Management
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Compensation

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning compensation.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Human Resource Management
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Employee Satisfaction

An evaluation of whether employee outcomes met or exceeded prior needs and expectations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Human Resource Management
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Recruitment

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning recruitment.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Employee Engagement

The cognitive, emotional and behavioural involvement of stakeholders or users with employee.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Human Resource Management

The policies and practices used to recruit, develop, reward, support and retain an organization's workforce.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Human Resource Management
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Managerial Accounting

The recording, classification and reporting of financial transactions associated with managerial.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Accounting and Finance
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

The coordinated planning, organization and control of customer relationship resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Relationship Marketing

The research, positioning, communication and promotion of relationship products, services or experiences to selected audiences.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Marketing
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Hospitality Marketing

The research, positioning, communication and promotion of hospitality products, services or experiences to selected audiences.

Hospitality Management Local Destination Governance Destination Marketing/Management Organizations (DMOs) DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Marketing
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Tourism Marketing

The research, positioning, communication and promotion of tourism products, services or experiences to selected audiences.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Marketing
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Marketing Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of marketing resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration Marketing
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Organizational Learning

The process through which knowledge, skills or behaviour concerning organizational is acquired or changed.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Change Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of change resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Team Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of team resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
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Organizational Culture

Shared values, knowledge, meanings and practices associated with organizational.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Business Model

A conceptual or analytical representation used to describe, explain or predict business.

FOOD AND BEVERAGE ESTABLISHMENTS Cafés, Coffee Shops, and Coffeehouses By Ownership and Business Model
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SWOT Analysis

The systematic examination of SWOT data, evidence or materials to identify patterns and support interpretation or decisions.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Strategic Analysis

The systematic examination of strategic data, evidence or materials to identify patterns and support interpretation or decisions.

RESEARCH AND STATISTICS Planning and Policy Studies Strategic Plan
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Strategic Planning

The systematic process of setting objectives and coordinating policies, resources and actions for strategic.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Strategic Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of strategic resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Business Strategy

A coordinated set of long-term choices and actions for achieving objectives relating to business.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Business Organization

An institution structured to coordinate people and resources for purposes relating to business.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences
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Hospitality Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing hospitality products or services.

EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC FIELDS Hospitality Management
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Tourism Enterprise

A business function, organizational practice or managerial concept applied to tourism enterprises, specifically concerning tourism enterprise.

EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC FIELDS Tourism Studies and Management Tourism Studies
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Business Management

The coordinated planning, organization and control of business resources, people and operations.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Business and Management Sciences Business Administration
Open for Applications
Tourism Business

Commercial organizations and activities involved in providing tourism products or services.

EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC FIELDS Tourism Studies and Management Tourism Studies
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Coffee Studies

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning kahve (coffee studies).

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS Beverage Raw Materials Coffee DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
Open for Applications
Wine Studies

An interdisciplinary field examining the practices, institutions, meanings and impacts of wine.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Business Performance

The effectiveness and outcomes of beverage business measured against defined objectives and indicators.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Tasting Education

Structured teaching and learning intended to develop knowledge, skills and awareness concerning tasting.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Competitions

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning beverage competitions.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Barista Education

Structured teaching and learning intended to develop knowledge, skills and awareness concerning barista.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Sommelier Education

Structured teaching and learning intended to develop knowledge, skills and awareness concerning sommelier.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Education

Structured teaching and learning intended to develop knowledge, skills and awareness concerning beverage.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Standards

Documented criteria or requirements used to promote consistency, quality or compliance in beverage.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Geographical Indications (GI)

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning geographical indications.

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS Geographical Indications and Origin-Based Products Geographical Indication Products DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Geography
Open for Applications
Food Labeling

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning food labeling.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Food Studies
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Alcohol Regulations

Binding rules and administrative requirements governing alcohol.

FOODS AND BEVERAGES Beverages Alcoholic Beverages
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Beverage Law

The body of legal rules, rights and obligations governing beverage.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Global Beverage Industry

Businesses, workers and institutions involved in producing and delivering global beverage goods or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Pricing

The process of setting and adjusting prices for beverage products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Market

The buyers, sellers and exchange conditions associated with beverage products or services.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Import

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning beverage import.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Export

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning beverage export.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Trade

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning beverage trade.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Economics

The study of allocation, incentives, markets, costs and benefits associated with beverage.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Drinking Culture

Shared values, knowledge, meanings and practices associated with drinking.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Indigenous Beverages

Drinks produced, served or consumed in relation to indigenous.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Local Beverages

Drinks produced, served or consumed in relation to local.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Ritual Beverages

Drinks produced, served or consumed in relation to ritual.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Traditional Beverages

Drinks produced, served or consumed in relation to traditional.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage Heritage

Inherited tangible or intangible resources associated with beverage that communities recognize, value and transmit.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Alcohol Consumption

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning alcohol consumption.

FOODS AND BEVERAGES Beverages Alcoholic Beverages
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Caffeine

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning caffeine.

FOOD AND BEVERAGE ESTABLISHMENTS Cafés, Coffee Shops, and Coffeehouses AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS Beverage Raw Materials Coffee DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Coffee Brewing and Service Beverage Studies
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Nutrition

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning nutrition.

CURRENT AND HISTORICAL TOURISM OCCUPATIONS Food and Beverage Services
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Precision Fermentation

A product, process, service practice or cultural subject examined within beverage studies, specifically concerning precision fermentation.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Nutraceutical Beverages

Drinks produced, served or consumed in relation to nutraceutical.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Beverage and Healt

The physical, mental and social well-being of people in relation to beverage and.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Smart Beverage Systems

Interconnected people, technologies and processes organized to support smart beverage functions.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Organic Beverages

Drinks produced, served or consumed in relation to organic.

DISCIPLINES, CONCEPTS, AND RESEARCH AREAS Gastronomy and Beverage Studies Beverage Studies
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Sustainable Beverages

Approaches to beverages that balance environmental integrity, social well-being and long-term economic viability.

CURRENT AND HISTORICAL TOURISM OCCUPATIONS Food and Beverage Services Beverage Services
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Food Tourism

Tourism centred on food resources, activities, services or destination experiences.

TOURISM TYPES AND FORMS Gastronomy and Food Tourism
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Brewery Tourism

Tourism centred on brewery resources, activities, services or destination experiences.

TOURISM TYPES AND FORMS
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Distillery Tourism

Tourism centred on distillery resources, activities, services or destination experiences.

CURRENT AND HISTORICAL TOURISM OCCUPATIONS Food and Beverage Services Beverage Services
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