Writing Guidelines for “Current and Historical Tourism Occupations”

Current and historical tourism occupations include documented jobs, professions and occupational positions associated with accommodation, transportation, food and beverage, travel organization, guiding, entertainment, attractions and visitor services.

Entries should objectively explain the occupation’s definition, historical development, duties, workplace, qualifications, working conditions and tourism significance. Hypothetical, artificially generated, promotional or undocumented occupational titles should not be included.

Entry Format

1) Entry Title
[Name of the Occupation / Profession / Job Title]

Use the most widely documented English title. A historical name, local-language equivalent, sector, country or period may be added in parentheses.

Examples:

• Revenue Manager
• Executive Housekeeper
• Tourist Guide
• Pullman Porter
• Cicerone
• Purser

2) Introductory Statement
The introductory statement should not exceed 250 characters.

Briefly identify the occupation, principal tourism sector, temporal classification and core function.

Introductory Statement (≤250 characters): [Write the introductory statement here.]

3) Main Text
The entry text must be between 300 and 3,000 words. The “See Also” and “References” sections are excluded from the word count.

The following headings may be adapted, combined or omitted when not relevant.

3.1 Definition and Temporal Status

• What is or was the occupation?
• What principal function does or did it perform?
• In which tourism sector is or was it practised?
• Is it an occupation, profession, trade, craft, licensed role or organizational position?
• Is it classified as current, historical, or historical and current?
• An individual task, department, competency, informal nickname or marketing title should not be presented as an occupation.

3.2 Historical Development

• Earliest documented use
• Historical conditions in which the occupation developed
• Changes in title, duties, workplace or status
• Periods and regions in which it was practised
• Reasons for continuity, transformation, decline or disappearance
• Evidence supporting its C, H or H/C classification
• Historical occupations should be described according to the working conditions and terminology of their own period.

3.3 Sector, Workplace, and Organizational Position

• Principal tourism sector and subsector
• Typical workplaces
• Department or organizational unit
• Reporting and supervisory relationships
• Employment status
• Relationship with other occupations
• Relevant workplaces may include hotels, resorts, restaurants, travel agencies, airports, aircraft, cruise ships, railways, attractions and destination organizations.

3.4 Duties, Skills, and Tools
Describe:

• Principal duties and responsibilities
• Operational, managerial, technical or guest-service functions
• Limits of authority
• Knowledge and competencies
• Communication and language skills
• Traditional or contemporary tools and equipment
• Documents, vehicles, uniforms and workspaces
• Digital systems and specialized software
• Duties should be linked to the relevant period, country, sector and type of organization.

3.5 Education, Qualifications, and Regulation
Explain:

• Formal education and training
• Apprenticeship or workplace learning
• Certificates, licences and registrations
• Required professional experience
• Career progression
• Occupational standards
• Professional associations, unions or guilds
• Codes of conduct and legal responsibilities
• Legally required qualifications should be distinguished from voluntary certificates and employer preferences.

3.6 Working Conditions and Occupational Variations
Where relevant, examine:

• Working hours and shifts
• Seasonal and temporary employment
• Mobility and travel requirements
• Physical and emotional demands
• Customer contact and emotional labour
• Health and safety risks
• Freelance, subcontracted or informal work
• Remuneration, gratuities and commissions
• Gender, migration, class or status dimensions
• Regional and linguistic title variations
• Wage information should include the place, period, currency and source. Similar titles in different countries should not automatically be treated as equivalent occupations.

3.7 Role, Change, and Significance
Assess the occupation’s contribution to:

• Tourism and hospitality operations
• Visitor safety and service quality
• Mobility, information and interpretation
• Entertainment and experience creation
• Destination image and organizational performance
• Historical tourism development
• Explain how technology, automation, artificial intelligence, business models, regulation and social change have affected the occupation. Conclude with its historical or contemporary significance, professional legacy, current challenges and future outlook.

Evidence and Inclusion Criteria

The actual existence of the occupation must be demonstrated through reliable evidence, such as:

• Official occupational classifications
• Laws, regulations and licensing records
• Professional standards and collective agreements
• Employer manuals and organizational charts
• Payrolls, staff registers and authenticated job descriptions
• Historical newspapers, advertisements and directories
• Academic publications and theses
• Professional association records
• Museum and archival collections
• Documented oral histories

The following are not sufficient evidence by themselves:

• An artificially generated or merely plausible title
• A single task or competency
• A department or business activity
• An unsupported informal nickname
• A fictional occupation
• A promotional title
• An undocumented direct translation
• Rare, disputed or organization-specific titles should be identified as such.

Writing Principles

• Use a neutral and non-promotional style.
• Include only occupations supported by historical or contemporary evidence.
• Use one principal title and record variants separately.
• Distinguish occupations from tasks, departments and competencies.
• Explain historical terminology in context.
• Avoid nostalgia, stereotypes and romanticization.
• Do not infer duties from the literal meaning of a title.
• Date historical, legal and statistical information.
• Protect the privacy of living workers.
• Maintain a clear relationship with tourism, hospitality, leisure, travel or passenger transport.

See Also

List three to eight related occupational or sectoral entries. Cross-references should help readers distinguish similar occupations and understand historical or organizational relationships.

Citation and References

Use APA 7th edition. Every source cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and every reference must be cited in the text.

Detailed information: https://apastyle.apa.org/