A castle is a defensive structure consisting of bastions, towers, and curtain walls, constructed in ancient times to protect strategically important locations against enemy attacks.

A concept denoting a cultural and natural environment in which architectural, historical, aesthetic, artistic, and local values coexist to form an integrated heritage whose significance is greater than the sum of its individual elements.

Ephesus is a major ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage Site in western Türkiye, renowned for its archaeological remains, historical continuity, and importance as a centre of religion, commerce, urban life, and pilgrimage.